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Needed at one moment, scorned at others, Mexican agricultural workers have moved back and forth across the US–Mexico border for the past century. In South Texas, Anglo growers’ dreams of creating a modern agricultural empire depended on continuous access to Mexican workers. While this access was officially regulated by immigration laws and policy promulgated in Washington, DC, in practice the migration of Mexican labor involved daily, on-the-ground negotiations among growers, workers, and the US Border Patrol. In a very real sense, these groups set the parameters of border enforcement policy. Managed Migrations examines the relationship between immigration laws and policy and the agricultural labor relations of growers and workers in South Texas and El Paso during the 1940s and 1950s. Cristina Salinas argues that immigration law was mainly enacted not in embassies or the halls of Congress but on the ground, as a result of daily decisions by the Border Patrol that growers and workers negotiated and contested. She describes how the INS devised techniques to facilitate high-volume yearly deportations and shows how the agency used these enforcement practices to manage the seasonal agricultural labor migration across the border. Her pioneering research reveals the great extent to which immigration policy was made at the local level, as well as the agency of Mexican farmworkers who managed to maintain their mobility and kinship networks despite the constraints of grower paternalism and enforcement actions by the Border Patrol.

Agriculture --- Agricultural laborers --- Migrant agricultural laborers --- Immigration enforcement --- History --- Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.) --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Social aspects. --- Economic aspects.

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Outlaws --- Revolutionaries --- Mexican Americans --- Civil rights --- History --- Cortina, Juan N. --- Mexican-American Border Region --- Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.) --- Texas --- History, Military --- Ethnic relations

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""Alonzo makes judicious use of census records, tax rolls, and probate records to trace the evolution of Hispanic families who formed this community for more than five generations. . . . He forcefully dispels the myth that the area of Texas between San Antonio and the Rio Grande was a 'no man's land' prior to Anglo-American settlement.""-Choice

Land tenure --- Mexicans --- Ranchers --- Frontier and pioneer life --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Ethnology --- Border life --- Homesteading --- Pioneer life --- Adventure and adventurers --- Manners and customs --- Pioneers --- Ranchmen --- Stockmen (Animal industry) --- Farmers --- History. --- Texas --- Lower Rio Grande Valley --- History --- Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.) --- Rio Grande Valley, Lower (Tex.) --- Ethnic relations.

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Historic sites --- Military archaeology --- Archaeology of conflict --- Archaeology of war --- Battlefield archaeology --- Bunker archaeology --- Combat archaeology --- Conflict archaeology --- Archaeology --- Heritage places, Historic --- Heritage sites, Historic --- Historic heritage places --- Historic heritage sites --- Historic places --- Historical sites --- Places, Historic --- Sites, Historic --- History --- Historic buildings --- Monuments --- World Heritage areas --- Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.) --- Texas --- Rio Grande Valley, Lower (Tex.) --- Teksas --- Tekhas --- Tejas --- Texas (Republic) --- Texas (Province) --- Republic of Texas --- State of Texas --- تكساس --- Tiksās --- ولاية تكساس --- Wilāyat Tiksās --- Штат Тэхас --- Shtat Tėkhas --- Тэхас --- Тексас --- Техас --- Akałii Bikéyah --- Téʼsiz Hahoodzo --- Τέξας --- Πολιτεία του Τέξας --- Politeia tou Texas --- Estado de Texas --- Teksaso --- Tet-khiet-sat-sṳ̂ --- Teeksăs --- 텍사스 주 --- T'eksasŭ-ju --- 텍사스주 --- T'eksasŭju --- 텍사스 --- T'eksasŭ --- Kekeka --- Taaksaas --- טקסס --- מדינת טקסס --- Medinat Ṭeḳsas --- Texia --- Civitas Texiae --- Teksasa --- Teksasas --- テキサス州 --- Tekisasu-shū --- Tekisasushū --- テキサス --- Tekisasu --- Texas suyu --- Teksas Eyaleti --- טעקסעס --- Ṭeḳses --- Teksasos --- 得克萨斯州 --- Dekesasi zhou --- 得克萨斯 --- Dekesasi --- TX --- Tex. --- Coahuila and Texas (Mexico) --- Texas (Provisional government, 1835) --- History, Military