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Cryopreservation is the preservation of cells at sub-zero temperatures. Although useful, the process is not without its challenges. One of the major challenges is the formation of ice crystals in the cells to be preserved. However, vitrification, where glass is formed instead of crystals, can be achieved using cryoprotection agents (CPAs). This book provides a comprehensive overview of cryopreservation and its applications. It discusses advancements in the field, challenges, guidelines, and recommendations for successful germplasm conservation. Chapters discuss the use of CPAs, cryopreservation of fish sperm, cryopreservation of oocytes and sperms, female fertility preservation, cryopreservation of large structures and tissues, and much more.

Cryobiology. --- Freezing --- Low temperature biology --- Biology --- Cold --- Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Low temperatures

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Cryobiology --- Cryomicroscopy --- Electron microscopy --- Cold Temperature --- Freezing --- Microscopy, Electron --- Electron microscopes --- Low temperature microscopy --- Microscopy --- Melting --- Cold --- Cold Temperatures --- Temperature, Cold --- Temperatures, Cold --- Low temperature biology --- Biology --- Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Low temperatures --- Technique --- methods --- Biological microscopy --- Cryobiology - Technique --- Cryomicroscopy - Technique --- Electron microscopy - Technique --- Microscopy, Electron - methods

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Adaptation, Biological. --- Cold Climate. --- Polar Regions --- Climate, Cold --- Climates, Cold --- Cold Climates --- Polar Region --- Region, Polar --- Regions, Polar --- Adaptation, Biologic --- Biological Adaptation --- Biologic Adaptation --- Cryobiology --- Adaptation, Biological --- Cold Climate --- Freezing --- Low temperature biology --- Biology --- Cold --- Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Low temperatures --- Koude. Fysiologisch effect. (Versch. onderwerpen) --- Aanpassing [Biologie] / en koud. (Versch. onderwerpen) --- Cryobiologie. (Mélanges) --- Froid. Effets physiologiques. (Mélanges) --- Adaptation [Biologie] / et froid. (Mélanges) --- Cryobiologie. (Versch. onderwerpen)

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This book comprehensively describes biological phenomena, adaptation mechanisms, and strategies of living organisms to survive under extremely cold or desiccated conditions at molecular, cellular, and organ levels. It also provides tremendous potential for applications of the findings to a wide variety of industries. The volume consists of three parts: Part 1, Adaptation Mechanisms of Cold, and Part 2, Adaptation Mechanisms of Desiccation, collect up-to-date research on mechanisms and strategies of living organisms such as sleeping chironomids, polar marine fishes, hibernating mammals, bryophytes, dormant seeds, and boreal plants to survive under extreme cold and desiccated conditions at molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Part 3, Application Technologies from Laboratory to Society, covers various applications to a wide variety of industries such as the medical, food, and agricultural and life science industries. For example, biological knowledge of how plants and animals survive under cold, drought, and desiccated conditions may provide a hint on how we can improve crop production in a very fragile environment in global climate change. Unique molecules that protect cells during desiccation and freezing such as trehalose and antifreeze protein (AFP) have potential for use to preserve cells, tissues, and organs for the long term under very stable conditions. In addition, the current progress of supercooling technology of cells may lead us to solve problems of cellular high sensitivity to freezing injury, which will dramatically improve the usability of these cells. Furthermore, knowledge of water substitution and glass formation as major mechanisms for formulation designs and new drying technologies will contribute to the development of food preservation and drug delivery systems under dry conditions. Written by contributors who have been conducting cutting-edge science in related fields, this title is recommended to a wide variety of readers who are interested in learning from such organisms their strategies, mechanisms, and applications, and it will inspire researchers in various disciplines.

Cryobiology. --- Anhydrobiosis. --- Cold adaptation. --- Adaptation to cold --- Acclimatization --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Cold --- Cryptobiosis --- Freezing --- Low temperature biology --- Biology --- Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Low temperatures --- Physiological effect --- Cell physiology. --- Plant physiology. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Food science. --- Microbiology. --- Cell Physiology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering. --- Food Science. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Science --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Cell function --- Cytology --- Regenerative medicine. --- Tissue engineering. --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Biomedical engineering --- Regenerative medicine --- Tissue culture --- Regeneration (Biology)

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The McMurdo Dry Valleys form the largest relatively ice-free area on the Antarctic continent. The perennially ice-covered lakes, ephemeral streams and extensive areas of exposed soil are subject to low temperatures, limited precipitation and salt accumulation. The dry valleys thus represent a region where life approaches its environmental limits. This unique ecosystem has been studied for several decades as an analog to environments on other planets, particularly Mars. For the first time, the detailed terrestrial research of the dry valleys is brought together here, presented from an astrobiological perspective. Chapters include a discussion on the history of research in the valleys, a geological background of the valleys, setting them up as analogs for Mars, followed by chapters on the various sub-environments in the valleys such as lakes, glaciers and soils. Includes concluding chapters on biodiversity and other analog environments on Earth.

Biotic communities --- Cryobiology. --- Ecology --- Exobiology. --- McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) --- Antarctica --- Mars (Planet) --- Environmental conditions. --- Climate. --- Astrobiology --- Biology --- Habitable planets --- Life --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Origin --- Antarctic regions --- Polar regions --- Freezing --- Low temperature biology --- Cold --- Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Low temperatures --- Red Planet --- Dry Valleys (Antarctica) --- Dry Valleys of McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) --- Dry Valleys of Victoria Land (Antarctica) --- McMurdo Oasis (Antarctica) --- Oasis of McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) --- Ross Desert (Antarctica) --- Victoria Land Dry Valleys (Antarctica) --- Victoria Land Oasis (Antarctica)