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Low temperatures. --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold

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Low temperatures --- Basses températures --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold

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This thesis presents a novel approach to the experimental realization of tunable, superconducting metamaterials. Therefore, conventional resonant meta-atoms are replaced by meta-atoms that contain Josephson junctions, which renders their resonance frequency tunable by an external magnetic field. This tunability is theoretically and experimentally investigated in one-dimensional magnetic and electric metamaterials. For the magnetic metamaterial, the effective, magnetic permeability is determined.

microwaves --- Metamaterialien --- Festkörperphysik --- low temperature physics --- solid state physics --- Tieftemperaturphysiksuperconductivity --- metamaterials --- Mikrowellen --- Supraleitung

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This book presents experimental studies of nonequilibrium phase transitions induced by ac and dc forces in collectively interacting systems—a superconducting vortex system with random pinning. It first shows that a phase transition from reversible to irreversible flow occurs by increasing vortex density as well as amplitude of ac shear, which is indicative of the universality of the reversible-irreversible transition. Two distinct flow regimes are also found in the reversible phase. Next, the book presents new methods for dc driven experiments—transverse mode-locking and transverse current-voltage measurements—and provides convincing evidence of the second-order dynamical transition from disordered plastic to anisotropically ordered smectic flow. Lastly it reports on the first experimental demonstration of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the nonequilibrium phase transition. The experimental results indicate that both the reversible-irreversible transition and the dynamical ordering transition belong to the directed percolation universality class which is one of the fundamental classes of nonequilibrium phase transitions. Hence, the findings will be generalized to other nonequilibrium systems and stimulate research on nonequilibrium physics.

Low temperatures. --- Condensed matter. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Statistical Physics. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena.

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Since 1955 Progress in Low Temperature Physics has continued to monitor scientific achievements in the realm of low-temperature physics. Obtaining low temperatures used to be an aim in itself in the past, whereas nowadays achieving millikelvin temperatures is a routine experimental procedure. However, the properties of materials at these low temperatures contine to produce fascinating physics: the liquid, solid and superfluid, phases of the quantum fluids 3He and 4He as well as 'new' materials such as high-temperature superconductors and tiny quantum devices disp

Low temperature research. --- Low temperatures. --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Low temperatures --- Research --- Thermochemistry