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Lorentz est l'un des physiciens qui incarne le mieux la naissance de la physique moderne. Le passage du XIXe siècle au XXe siècle marque une transition dans l'histoire de la physique et même dans l'histoire de la pensée. En quelques années les concepts classiques sont complètement remis en cause ; le nouveau monde est celui des quanta, de la relativité et des atomes. Lorentz est au cœur de ce bouleversement. Ses travaux prolongent ceux de Maxwell, il donne à l'électromagnétisme classique son interprétation physique (" Equations de Maxwell-Lorentz ", " Force de Lorentz "), il introduit pour la première fois une théorie de l'électron, qu'il met en évidence avec Zeeman dès 1896, ce qui lui vaut - en 1902 - le deuxième prix Nobel de physique de l'histoire. Lorentz est également - avec Poincaré - un pionnier de la relativité restreinte (" Transformations de Lorentz ", " Groupe de Lorentz ") ce qui lui vaudra d'être proposé pour un second prix Nobel. Considéré comme " une véritable encyclopédie trilingue de la physique ", c'est lui qui présidera pendant près de vingt ans les fameux Conseils Solvay ; son rôle n'y est pas seulement celui d'un savant c'est aussi celui d'un diplomate. Lorentz est très apprécié de tous, il a été le physicien qu'Einstein a le plus admiré Einstein écrit à son propos : " J'admire cet homme plus que quiconque ; je peux même dire que je l'adore. " Mais au-delà du très grand physicien et de son uvre immense, Lorentz a été aussi un très grand humaniste Président de la Commission internationale de coopération intellectuelle de la Société des Nations, Lorentz peut être considéré comme l'un des fondateurs de l'UNESCO. Soixante ans après sa création, c'est précisément sous le patronage de l'UNESCO que 2005 est déclarée " année mondiale de la physique ". A cette occasion nous avons voulu faire découvrir, dans cette première biographie qui lui est consacré, l'homme aussi bien que l'œuvre.Destiné à un large public, cet ouvrage possède un index détaillé et une bibliographie étendue qui permettent son approfondissement.
Physique --- Physicien --- Histoire --- Lorentz, H. A. --- Physics --- Lorentz, Hendrik-Antoon
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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was one of the greatest physicists and mathematicians the Netherlands has ever known. Einstein called him "a living work of art, a perfect personality". During his funeral in 1928, the entire Dutch nation mourned. The national telegraph service was suspended for three minutes and his passing was national and international front-page news. The cream of international science, an impressive list of dignitaries, including the Prince Consort, and thousands of ordinary people turned out to see Lorentz being carried to his last resting place.This biography describes the life of Lorentz, from his early childhood, as the son of a market gardener in the provincial town of Arnhem, to his death, as a towering figure in physics and in international scientific cooperation and as a trailblazer for Einstein's relativity theory. A number of chapters shed light on his unique place in science, the importance of his ideas, his international conciliatory and scientific activities after World War One, his close friendship with Albert Einstein, and his important role as Einstein's teacher and intellectual critic. By making use of recently discovered family correspondence, the authors were able to show that there lies a true human being behind Lorentz's façade of perfection. One chapter is devoted to Lorentz's wife Aletta, a woman in her own right, whose progressive feminist ideas were of considerable influence on those of her husband. Two separate chapters focus on his most important scientific achievements, in terms accessible to a general audience.
Physicists --- Physiciens --- Lorentz, H. A. --- Lorentz, Hendrik-Antoon
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This is the second and final volume of Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz's scientific correspondence with Dutch colleagues, including Pieter Zeeman and Paul Ehrenfest. These 294 letters cover multiple subjects, ranging from pure mathematics to magneto-optics and wave mechanics. They reveal much about their author, including Lorentz's surprisingly active involvement in experimental matters in the first decades of his career. Letters are also devoted to general relativity, Lorentz's 1908 lecture on radiation theory, and his receipt of the Nobel Prize along with Zeeman in 1902. The letters are presented in their original language; Dutch originals are accompanied by English translations. A concise biography of Lorentz is also included.
Physicists --- Lorentz, H. A. --- Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon, --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Gravitation. --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Physics --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science --- Properties
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This book presents a selection of 434 carefully annotated letters from and to the Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928), covering the period from 1883 until a few months before his death in February 1928. Most of these letters are of a scientific nature, with the exception of letters between Lorentz and Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Woldemar Voigt, and Wilhelm Wien during World War I, since these letters shed important light on the disruption of scientific relations during the war and on the political views of these correspondents as well as of Lorentz. The letters are being reproduced in their original language (German, French and English), and a few Dutch drafts are accompanied by English translations. A concise biography of Lorentz is also included, as well as a full bibliography of his writings.
Physicists --- Lorentz, H. A. --- Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon, --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Gravitation. --- Quantum physics. --- Continuum physics. --- Physics. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Classical Continuum Physics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Physical scientists --- Quantum theory. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Continuum mechanics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Math --- Science --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Properties
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It is not widely known that Einstein had doubts, increasing with time, about the way he formulated his special theory of relativity in 1905. Physical Relativity examines the grounds of these doubts and related misgivings on the part of a handful of physicists and philosophers in the course of the twentieth century. Harvey Brown defends an interpretation of relativity theory, and hence of the nature of space and time, that combines Einstein's insights with those of his immediate precursors, who today are widely regarded as having had the right ideas for the wrong reasons. Appearing in the centennial year of Einstein's celebrated paper on special relativity, Physical Relativity is an unusual, critical examination of Einstein's thinking that will be of great interest to philosophers of physics, physicists, and historians of science.
Kinematic relativity. --- Space and time. --- Special relativity (Physics). --- Einstein, Albert, --- Lorentz, H. A., --- Lorentz, H. A. --- Kinematic relativity --- Space and time --- Special relativity (Physics) --- Cosmology --- Relativity (Physics) --- Ether drift --- Mass energy relations --- Relativity theory, Special --- Restricted theory of relativity --- Special theory of relativity --- Space of more than three dimensions --- Space-time --- Space-time continuum --- Space-times --- Spacetime --- Time and space --- Fourth dimension --- Infinite --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Space sciences --- Time --- Beginning --- Hyperspace --- Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon, --- Einstein, Albert --- Aiyinsitan, Abote, --- Aĭnshtaĭn, Albert, --- Ainshutain, A, --- Ain̲sṭain̲, Ālparṭ, --- Ainsṭāina, Albarṭa, --- Ajnštajn, Albert, --- Āynishtayn, --- Aynshtayn, Albert, --- Eĭnshteĭn, Alʹbert, --- אינשטין, אלברט, --- איינשטיין --- איינשטיין, אלבערט, --- איינשטיין, אלברט --- איינשטיין, אלברט, --- Aynştayn, Elbêrt, --- Īnshtīn, --- Aynîştayn, --- Aiyinsitan, --- 愛因斯坦, --- 爱因斯坦, --- Einstein, Albert, - 1879-1955. --- Lorentz, H. A. - (Hendrik Antoon), - 1853-1928.
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