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Civilisation --- Tourism --- Environmental planning --- Heritage tourism. --- Tourisme culturel --- 379.851.43 --- cultuurtoerisme --- Zuid-Afrika --- Londen --- Spanje --- erfgoedtoerisme --- festivals --- themaroutes --- Portugal --- religieus toerisme --- lokale gemeenschappen --- evenementen --- Porto --- Rotterdam --- stadstoerisme --- toerisme --- cultureel toerisme --- events --- Heritage tourism --- Cultural tourism

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This book compares community definition and change in the temperate zones of southern Britain and northern France with the starkly contrasting regions of the Spanish meseta and Iceland. Local communities were fundamental to human societies in the pre-industrial world; crucial in supporting their members and regulating their relationships, as well as in wider society. While geographical and biological work on territoriality is very good, existing archaeological literature is rarely time-specific and lacks wider social context; most of its premises are too simple for the interdependencies of the early medieval world. Historical work, by contrast, has a weak sense of territory and no sense of scale; like much archaeological work, there is confusion about distinctions - and relationships - between kin groups, neighbourhood groups, collections of tenants and small polities.The contributors to this book address what determined the size and shape of communities in the early historic past and the ways that communities delineated themselves in physical terms. The roles of the environment, labour patterns, the church and the physical proximity of residences in determining community identity are also examined. Additional themes include social exclusion, the community as an elite body, and the various stimuli for change in community structure. Major issues surrounding relationships between the local and the governmental are investigated: did larger polities exploit pre-existing communities, or did developments in governance call local communities into being?

Human settlements --- Etablissements humains --- History --- Histoire --- Europe --- Social conditions --- Historical geography. --- Conditions sociales --- Géographie historique --- Geography [Historical ] --- Lokale gemeenschappen. --- Ruimtegebruik. --- Zuid-Engeland. --- Noord-Frankrijk. --- IJsland. --- Kastilië. --- Civilization, Medieval --- 940.1 --- 940.1 Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Habitat, Human --- Human habitat --- Settlements, Human --- Human ecology --- Human geography --- Population --- Sociology --- Land settlement --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Sociale organisatie. --- To 1500 --- To 1492 --- Historical geography

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In this volume tourism experts collectively discuss and debate some intriguing questions that the tourism industry poses, such as the relevance of mass tourism, the dilemma of authenticity, whether small tourism is beautiful, whether volunteer tourism is benign, whether tourism contributes to climate change, as well as many others. The book brings together the expertise of 35 renowned international scholars of tourism to examine these perplexing issues. Multidisciplinary in its content, it touches upon anthropology, sociology, geography, climatology, biosciences, and planning and development aspects of tourism. The book provides a dialogue for an academic discussion which challenges research conservatism and stereotypes in tourism studies. It will encourage scholars to test the consistency of critical notions whose heuristic value is often taken for granted. The book will benefit graduates, research scholars and those involved in organizing the industry sustainably.

Tourism --- Tourisme --- Social aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Aspect social --- Aspect de l'environnement --- 379.85 --- toerisme --- massatoerisme --- duurzaam toerisme --- consumentisme --- kleinschalig toerisme --- armoedebestrijding --- vrijwilligerswerk --- lokale gemeenschappen --- toeristische opleidingen --- postkolonialisme --- erfgoedtoerisme --- natuurtoerisme --- klimaatverandering --- traag toerisme --- 338.48 --- toerisme - algemeen --- Toerisme. Recreatie. Sport (economische en organisatorische aspecten) --- 338.48 Toerisme. Recreatie. Sport (economische en organisatorische aspecten) --- Tourism -- Environmental aspects. --- Tourism -- Social aspects. --- Tourism. --- Environmental aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Economic aspects --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- E-books --- PXL-Media & Tourism 2014 --- sociale aspecten --- authenticity in tourism. --- community-based tourism. --- consumerism. --- ecotourism. --- mass tourism. --- slow tourism. --- sustainable tourism. --- tourism and climate change. --- tourism and poverty. --- tourism debates. --- tourism education. --- tourism ethics. --- tourism industry. --- tourism research. --- tourism studies. --- volunteer tourism.