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Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) fut sans doute l'un des plus grands logiciens de l'histoire. Son théorème d'incomplétude, publié en 1931, est peut-être la proposition mathématique la plus significative du XXe siècle. Il a bouleversé les fondements des mathématiques et fait l'objet de commentaires philosophiques sans fin comme d'exploitations abusives sans nombre. Gödel ne publiera que peu pendant la cinquantaine d'années qui suivront. Mais il laissera des milliers de pages de notes philosophiques inédites. On connaissait déjà les excentricités de la vie de Gödel, qui, craignant d'être empoisonné, mourra quasiment d'inanition. Ses notes, décryptées et étudiées ici pour la première fois en français, révèlent une pensée encore plus surprenante. Elles montrent que Gödel croyait aux anges comme au diable - parmi bien d'autres étrangetés. Il tente au cours des années de constituer ces idées bizarres en système logiquement cohérent, dont l'analyse éclaire d'un jour nouveau ses découvertes mathématiques. Cette apparente " folie " d'un esprit génial pose de redoutables questions sur la nature même de la pensée logique. L'auteur de cet essai les aborde sans hésiter à y impliquer sa propre subjectivité, sous formes de courtes fictions fantasmées. Un livre aussi inquiétant que stimulant.

Logicians --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Science --- Logiciens --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Sciences --- Biography. --- Philosophy --- Biographie --- Philosophie --- Gödel, Kurt. --- Gödel, Kurt, --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Gödel, Kurt. --- Gödel, Kurt, - 1906-1978

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At age 24, a brilliant Austrian-born mathematician published a mathematical result that shook the world. Nearly a hundred years after Kurt Gödel's famous 1931 paper "On Formally Undecidable Propositions" appeared, his proof that every mathematical system must contain propositions that are true - yet never provable within that system - continues to pose profound questions for mathematics, philosophy, computer science, and artificial intelligence. His close friend Albert Einstein, with whom he would walk home every day from Princeton's famous Institute for Advanced Study, called him "the greatest logician since Aristotle." He was also a man who felt profoundly out of place in his time, rejecting the entire current of 20th century philosophical thought in his belief that mathematical truths existed independent of the human mind, and beset by personal demons of anxiety and paranoid delusions that would ultimately lead to his tragic end from self-starvation. Drawing on previously unpublished letters, diaries, and medical records, Journey to the Edge of Reason offers the most complete portrait yet of the life of one of the 20th century's greatest thinkers. Stephen Budiansky's account brings to life the remarkable world of philosophical and mathematical creativity of pre-war Vienna, and documents how it was barbarically extinguished by the Nazis. He charts Gödel's own hair's-breadth escape from Nazi Germany to the scholarly idyll of Princeton ; and the complex, gently humorous, sensitive, and tormented inner life of this iconic but previously enigmatic giant of modern science. Weaving together Gödel's public and private lives, this is a tale of creative genius, mental illness, political corruption, and idealism in the face of the turmoil of war and upheaval.

Mathematics --- Mathematicians --- Gödel's theorem. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Logic, Modern --- Logicians --- Mathématiques. --- Mathématiques --- Logique mathématique. --- Mathématiciens. --- Logiciens. --- Gödel, Théorème de. --- History --- Philosophy --- Histoire --- Philosophie. --- Gödel, Kurt. --- Gödel, Kurt,

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Algebra, Boolean --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logicians --- Mathematicians --- Algèbre de Boole --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Logiciens --- Mathématiciens --- History --- Biography --- Histoire --- Biographie --- Boole, George, --- Boole, George --- Algèbre de Boole --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Mathématiciens --- Mathematicians - Great Britain - Biography --- Algebra, Boolean - History --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical - History --- Logicians - Great Britain - Biography --- Boole, George, - 1815-1864 --- Histoire des mathematiques --- 19e siecle --- Mathematiciens --- Biographies

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How did the reception of Aristotelian logic in the Arabic and Latin Middle Ages shape the development of theology? And how did theological issues influence the debates about logic and theories of argumentation? The contributions in this volume examine these questions on the basis of key texts, thus shedding new light on the problematic relationship between logic and theology.

Muslim logicians --- Islam and philosophy --- Logic, Medieval --- Catholic Church and philosophy --- History --- Congresses. --- Aristotle. --- 215.1 --- 215.1 Verhouding godsdienst en filosofie --- Verhouding godsdienst en filosofie --- Logiciens musulmans --- Islam et philosophie --- Logique médiévale --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Histoire --- Islamic logicians --- Logicians, Muslim --- Logicians --- Medieval logic --- Philosophy and Islam --- Philosophy --- Philosophy and the Catholic Church --- Philosophy and religion --- Aristotle --- To 1500 --- Logic [Medieval ] --- Aristotle. - Organon