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It is an intellectual necessity for universities to be open to participation by scholars and students all over the world; despite this, their sources of funding are almost entirely domestic and primarily governmental. The downloading of universities from national to regional government means that funding is increasingly even regional or local. Policy makers, firms and students, who are increasingly funding universities, are not interested in the development of academic knowledge: they demand teaching, research and services that are useful for local economic development and employability. As a consequence there is a divergence between the aspirations of universities and their stakeholders' needs. Establishing beneficial relations between universities and their stakeholders is vital for the survival of European districts and clusters of SMEs. The research highlights how critical the dilemma is and suggests a theoretical framework for resolving it, through the introduction of a new model of governance for universities and a new concept of knowledge.

Economics of industrial organisation --- Business & management --- HIGHER EDUCATION --- LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT --- KNOWLEDGE --- GOVERNANCE --- UNEMPLOYMENT

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Are the priorities of sustainable strategies aligned with the local realities and needs of Haitian society? Are local actors involved in the economic development process? What role does the local community play in collective decision making? Do the ruling class and policy makers have the will to make local development and decentralization an effective reality in Haiti? The foundations of these concepts assume that community, actors, citizens, and authorities should be included in the decision-making process. Aimed to leading to the development of sustainable policies, however, local development planning is difficult to institutionalize. Lovinski’s analysis is based on a multifaceted interpretation of development and takes an institutional approach to public policy. Thereby, prompting an interrogation of sustainable policies prioritized by policy makers. This investigation examines the steps taken to achieve sustainable policies and shows the results and considering the dynamics and their ambiguities.

Administrative agencies --- Decentralization in government --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Sustainable Development. --- Citizen participation. --- Decentralization. --- Development policies. --- Décentralisation. --- Développement économique local. --- Finance locale. --- Gouvernance locale. --- Haiti. --- Haïti. --- Local economic development. --- Local finance. --- Local governance. --- Microfinance. --- Participation citoyenne. --- Pauvreté. --- Politiques de développement. --- Poverty. --- Territorial economy. --- Économie territoriale.