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This study offers a new take on the engagement of Jews with outside culture and the interplay of the Jewish community with the reforming state through a study of the Jews (nazione ebrea) of eighteenth-century Livorno, a bustling free port in Tuscany, an Italian state known for its far-reaching reforms inspired by Enlightenment principles.

Jews --- Enlightenment --- Cultural assimilation --- History --- Livorno (Italy) --- Tuscany (Italy) --- Ethnic relations --- Intellectual life --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Aufklärung --- Eighteenth century --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Leghorn (Italy) --- Livourne (Italy) --- Comune di Livorno (Italy) --- Libornou (Italy)

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Taking a new approach to the study of cross-cultural trade, this book blends archival research with historical narrative and economic analysis to understand how the Sephardic Jews of Livorno, Tuscany, traded in regions near and far in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Francesca Trivellato tests assumptions about ethnic and religious trading diasporas and networks of exchange and trust. Her extensive research in international archives-including a vast cache of merchants’ letters written between 1704 and 1746-reveals a more nuanced view of the business relations between Jews and non-Jews across the Mediterranean, Atlantic Europe, and the Indian Ocean than ever before. The book argues that cross-cultural trade was predicated on and generated familiarity among strangers, but could coexist easily with religious prejudice. It analyzes instances in which business cooperation among coreligionists and between strangers relied on language, customary norms, and social networks more than the progressive rise of state and legal institutions.

Jews --- Sephardim --- Jewish merchants --- Merchants, Jewish --- Merchants --- Jews, Sephardic --- Ladinos (Spanish Jews) --- Sefardic Jews --- Sephardi Jews --- Sephardic Jews --- Jews, Portuguese --- Jews, Spanish --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- History --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Social life and customs --- Livorno (Italy) --- Leghorn (Italy) --- Livourne (Italy) --- Comune di Livorno (Italy) --- Libornou (Italy) --- Commerce --- Ethnic relations --- Jewish religion --- History of civilization --- History of Italy --- anno 1700-1799 --- Livorno

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"Translation of a 17th-century narrative written by a Lutheran pastor from Iceland who was captured by Turkish pirates, taken to North Africa, and then released and managed to make his way back across Europe to Iceland. His story, collected here with letters written by his fellow captives, gives intimate details of life, and relations between Christianity and Islam, in that period"--Provided by publisher.

Slavery --- Pirates --- Lutheran Church --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Barbary corsairs --- Corsairs --- Freebooters --- Outlaws --- Buccaneers --- Lutheranism --- Christian sects --- History --- Clergy --- Ólafur Egilsson, --- Egilsson, Ólafur, --- Travel. --- Captivity, 1627. --- Europe --- Livorno (Italy) --- Algiers (Algeria) --- Westman Islands (Iceland) --- Alger (Algeria) --- Algiers (City) --- El Djazaïr (Algeria) --- Djazaïr (Algeria) --- Argel (Algeria) --- Jazāʼir (Algeria) --- Argil (Algeria) --- Icosium (Algeria) --- Leghorn (Italy) --- Livourne (Italy) --- Comune di Livorno (Italy) --- Libornou (Italy) --- Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland : Islands) --- Westmann Islands (Iceland) --- Description and travel --- Social life and customs --- Enslaved persons