Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper proposes a set of new methods to estimate inequality of opportunity based on conditional inference regression trees. It illustrates how these methods represent a substantial improvement over existing empirical approaches to measure inequality of opportunity. First, the new methods minimize the risk of arbitrary and ad hoc model selection. Second, they provide a standardized way to trade off upward and downward biases in inequality of opportunity estimations. Finally, regression trees can be graphically represented; their structure is immediate to read and easy to understand. This will make the measurement of inequality of opportunity more easily comprehensible to a large audience. These advantages are illustrated by an empirical application based on the 2011 wave of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions.

Equality --- Living Conditions --- Machine Learning --- Opportunity --- Poverty Assessment --- Poverty Reduction --- Random Forests

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

En las últimas décadas Chile no ha estado ajeno a las dinámicas de aumento de la inmigración originando un fuerte impacto en la opinión pública. En este escenario, se debe sumar el cierre de fronteras producto de la pandemia y de las políticas de seguridad instaladas por algunos gobiernos, quedando múltiples grupos de inmigrantes y de refugiados sujetos a una mayor indefensión. El presente libro es fruto del quehacer académico de investigadores jóvenes titulados de Analistas en Políticas y Asuntos Internacionales de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, que han encontrado en los desplazamientos humanos un lugar para desarrollar sus primeros acercamientos a la investigación y que representan el interés por la temática de las nuevas generaciones. Con la finalidad de fomentar el trabajo realizado por estos jóvenes investigadores en el área migratoria y potenciarlos, resulta esencial la difusión de sus propuestas con una publicación como esta, convirtiéndose dicho objetivo en uno de los principales fines de este texto.

Social Issues --- migration --- foreign communities --- living condition --- public policies --- políticas públicas --- migración --- condiciones de vida --- comunidades extranjeras --- Migrations --- living conditions

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper seeks to determine the macro-economic impacts of migration of skilled medical personnel from a receiving country's perspective. The resource allocation issues are explored in theory, by developing an extension of the Rybczynski theorem in a low-dimension Heckscher-Ohlin framework, and empirically, by developing a static computable general equilibrium model for the United Kingdom with an extended health sector component. Using simple diagrams, an expansion of the health sector by recruiting immigrant skilled workers in certain cases is shown to compare favorably to the (short-term) long-term alternative of using domestic (unskilled) workers. From a formal analysis, changes in non-health outputs are shown to depend on factor-bias and scale effects. The net effects generally are indeterminate. The main finding from the applied model is that importing foreign doctors and nurses into the United Kingdom yields higher overall welfare gains than a generic increase in the National Health Service budget. Welfare gains rise in case of wage protection.

Health care --- Health effects --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health outcomes --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Living conditions --- Migrants --- Migration --- Nurses --- Public health --- Sickness Absence --- Workers

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The benefits of good health to individuals and to society are strongly positive and improving the health of the poor is a key Millennium Development Goal. A typical health strategy advocated by some is increased public spending on health targeted to favor the poor and backed by foreign assistance, as well as by an international effort to perfect drugs and vaccines to ameliorate infectious diseases bedeviling the developing nations. But if the objective is better health outcomes at the least cost and a reduction in urban health inequity, the authors' research suggests that the four most potent policy interventions are: water and sanitation systems; urban land use and transport planning; effective primary care and health programs aimed at influencing diets and lifestyles; and education. The payoff from these four in terms of health outcomes dwarf the returns from new drugs and curative hospital-based medicine, although these certainly have their place in a modern urban health system. And the authors find that the resource requirements for successful health care policies are likely to depend on an acceleration of economic growth rates which increase household purchasing power and enlarge the pool of resources available to national and subnational governments to invest in health-related infrastructure and services. Thus, an acceleration of growth rates may be necessary to sustain a viable urban health strategy which is equitable and to ensure steady gains in health outcomes.

Casual Employment --- Children --- Communicable Diseases --- Diets --- Health --- Health Care --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health Services --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Infectious Diseases --- Life Expectancy --- Living Conditions --- Migrants --- Migration --- Morality --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- People --- Registration --- Strategy --- Violence

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper seeks to determine the macro-economic impacts of migration of skilled medical personnel from a receiving country's perspective. The resource allocation issues are explored in theory, by developing an extension of the Rybczynski theorem in a low-dimension Heckscher-Ohlin framework, and empirically, by developing a static computable general equilibrium model for the United Kingdom with an extended health sector component. Using simple diagrams, an expansion of the health sector by recruiting immigrant skilled workers in certain cases is shown to compare favorably to the (short-term) long-term alternative of using domestic (unskilled) workers. From a formal analysis, changes in non-health outputs are shown to depend on factor-bias and scale effects. The net effects generally are indeterminate. The main finding from the applied model is that importing foreign doctors and nurses into the United Kingdom yields higher overall welfare gains than a generic increase in the National Health Service budget. Welfare gains rise in case of wage protection.

Health care --- Health effects --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health outcomes --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Living conditions --- Migrants --- Migration --- Nurses --- Public health --- Sickness Absence --- Workers