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What do atomic nuclei, neutron stars, a domestic power supply, and the stunning colors of stained glass in cathedrals all have in common? The answer lies in the unifying concept of quantum fluids, which allows us to understand the behavior and properties of these different systems in simple terms. This book reveals how quantum mechanics, usually considered as restricted to the invisible microscopic world, in fact plays a crucial role at all scales of the universe. The purpose of the book is to introduce the reader to the fascinating and multifaceted world of quantum fluids, which covers different systems at different scales in the physical world.The first part of the book discusses the notion of phases (solid, liquid, gas), presents basic aspects of the structure of matter and quantum mechanics, and includes some elements of statistical mechanics. The second part provides a description of the major quantum liquids, starting with the paramount case of electron fluids and their many applications in everyday life, followed by liquid helium and atomic nuclei. The authors go on to explore matter at very high densities, covering nuclear matter and compact stars, and the behavior of matter at extremely low temperatures, with the fascinating 'superphases' of superconductivity and superfluidity.The topic of quantum fluids has multidisciplinary applications and this book will appeal to students and researchers in physics, chemistry, astrophysics, engineering and materials science.
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Liquides quantiques. --- Superfluidité. --- Théorie quantique. --- Hélium liquide.
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Low temperatures --- Materials at low temperatures --- Superconductivity --- Quantum solids --- Quantum liquids --- Basses températures. --- Matériaux --- Supraconductivité. --- Solides quantiques. --- Liquides quantiques. --- Effets des basses températures. --- Basses températures. --- Matériaux --- Supraconductivité. --- Effets des basses températures.
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Cold molecules offer intriguing properties on which new operational principles can be based (e.g., quantum computing) or that may allow researchers to study a qualitatively new behavior of matter (e.g., Bose-Einstein condensates structured by the electric dipole interaction). This interdisciplinary book discusses novel methods to create and confine molecules at temperatures near absolute zero (1 microKelvin to 1 Kelvin) and surveys the research done with and on cold molecules to date. It is evident that this research has irreversibly changed atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information science. Its impact on condensed-matter physics, astrophysics, and physical chemistry is becoming apparent as well. This monograph provides seasoned researchers as well as students entering the field with a valuable companion, one which, in addition, will help to foster their identity within their institutions and the physics and chemistry communities at large.
Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Low temperatures --- Quantum solids --- Quantum liquids --- Cold gases --- Molecular dynamics. --- Collisions (physique nucléaire) --- Basses températures. --- Solides quantiques. --- Liquides quantiques. --- Gaz --- Dynamique moléculaire. --- Propriétés thermiques.
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