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Above ground biomass has been listed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as one of the five most prominent, visible, and dynamic terrestrial carbon pools. The increased awareness of the impacts of climate change has seen a burgeoning need to consistently assess carbon stocks to combat carbon sequestration. An accurate estimation of carbon stocks and an understanding of the carbon sources and sinks can aid the improvement and accuracy of carbon flux models, an important pre-requisite of climate change impact projections. Based on 15 research topics, this book demonstrates the role of remote sensing in quantifying above ground biomass (forest, grass, woodlands) across varying spatial and temporal scales. The innovative application areas of the book include algorithm development and implementation, accuracy assessment, scaling issues (local–regional–global biomass mapping), and the integration of microwaves (i.e. LiDAR), along with optical sensors, forest biomass mapping, rangeland productivity and abundance (grass biomass, density, cover), bush encroachment biomass, and seasonal and long-term biomass monitoring.

NDLMA --- n/a --- multi-angle remote sensing --- TerraSAR-X --- above ground biomass --- stem volume --- regression analysis --- ground-based remote sensing --- sensor fusion --- pasture biomass --- grazing management --- livestock --- mixed forest --- SPLSR --- estimation accuracy --- Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Factor --- forage crops --- Land Surface Phenology --- climate change --- vegetation index --- dry biomass --- mapping --- rangeland productivity --- vegetation indices --- error analysis --- broadleaves --- remote sensing --- applicability evaluation --- ultrasonic sensor --- chlorophyll index --- alpine meadow grassland --- forest biomass --- anthropogenic disturbance --- fractional vegetation cover --- alpine grassland conservation --- carbon mitigation --- conifer --- short grass --- grazing exclusion --- MODIS time series --- random forest --- aboveground biomass --- NDVI --- AquaCrop model --- inversion model --- wetlands --- field spectrometry --- spectral index --- yield --- foliage projective cover --- lidar --- correlation coefficient --- Sahel --- biomass --- dry matter index --- Niger --- Landsat --- grass biomass --- particle swarm optimization --- winter wheat --- carbon inventory --- rice --- forest structure information --- MODIS --- light detection and ranging (LiDAR) --- ALOS2 --- ecological policies --- above-ground biomass --- Wambiana grazing trial --- food security --- forest above ground biomass (AGB) --- Atriplex nummularia --- regional sustainability --- CIRed-edge

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The adverse effects of flood disasters in urban areas have been increasing in severity and extent over the past years. The amount of loss resulting from these events is also increasing exponentially, particularly in highly urbanised urban areas, where the effects of intensive land use and climate change are particularly extreme—all despite that our scientific knowledge, technical competence, and computational capacity to develop highly sophisticated and accurate forecasting and simulation models are higher than ever, as is our capacity to map and analyse flood-related data. In order to tackle this global issue, it is fundamental to keep on promoting and developing fundamental and applied research that allows the better targeting of interventions to improve resilience, reduce vulnerability, and enhance recovery as well as assisting decision-makers in delivering more effective flood risk-reduction policies. This book aims to contribute to this goal by providing a space in which to share and discuss recent studies and state-of- the-art methodologies focused on the assessment and mitigation of flood risk in urban areas. It includes nine high-quality chapters authored by eminent scholars who had the tremendous generosity to join me in this editorial project. The range of topics covered by these nine studies is extraordinarily vast, reflecting the complexity of the current challenges associated with the topic.

integrated operation --- urban stream --- urban drainage facility --- revised resilience index --- flood --- 3Di --- loss assessment --- analytic hierarchy process (AHP) --- risk map --- climate change --- urban flood risk --- flood damage --- urban disaster --- land use --- flood risk susceptibility --- FRS-GWR modeling --- built-up growth prediction --- Thailand --- Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) --- HEC-RAS --- 2D modeling --- flood hazard --- urban and peri-urban area --- flood risk assessment --- flood evacuation --- evacuation modelling --- behavioral design --- urban built environment at risk --- human motion in floodwaters --- remote sensing --- flood extent mapping --- Can Tho City --- Google Earth engine --- uncertainty --- support vector machine regression (SVR) --- urban flood --- risk management --- Historic City Centre of Guimarães --- pluvial flood --- indirect impacts --- risk assessment --- graph analysis --- flood mitigation --- Mexico City --- n/a --- Historic City Centre of Guimarães

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This book explores the enabling technology in optical fiber communications. It focuses on the state-of-the-art advances from fundamental theories, devices, and subsystems to networking applications as well as future perspectives of optical fiber communications. The topics cover include integrated photonics, fiber optics, fiber and free-space optical communications, and optical networking.

spectral shaping --- photonic crystal fiber cascade --- zero-dispersion frequencies spacing --- supercontinuum generation --- virtual network embedding --- converged optical networks --- network slicing --- machine learning --- software-defined network --- optical waveguide --- silicon photonics --- silicon nitride --- optical polarization --- bipolar --- optical code division multiple access --- electro-optical modulator --- free-space optics communication --- FiWi access network --- energy efficiency --- power over fiber --- TWDM-PON --- delay analysis --- frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) --- light detection and ranging (LiDAR) --- instantaneous frequency --- coherent optical spectrum analyzer (COSA) --- time-frequency curve --- microstructured optical fiber --- optical fiber sensors --- refractive index sensor --- surface plasmon resonance --- optical fiber communication --- electrical dispersion compensation --- multi-channel digital backpropagation --- equalization-enhanced phase noise --- achievable information rates --- elastic optical network --- invalid spectrum rate --- advanced reservation --- defragmentation --- blocking probability --- spectrum alignment rate --- VCSEL --- neural network-based equalization --- Volterra series-based equalization --- lanthanum-aluminum silicate glass --- polarization-maintaining fiber --- fiber Bragg grating --- Sagnac interferometer --- fluorinated polyimide film --- humidity hysteresis --- optical frequency domain reflectometry --- position deviation compensation --- sub-millimeter spatial resolution --- analysis --- FPGA --- GPON --- MongoDB --- storing --- fiber optics communications --- optical security and encryption --- phase fluctuations --- Elastic Optical Network --- space division multiplexing --- routing --- coherent optical communication --- offset-quadrature amplitude modulation-based filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC/OQAM) --- blind phase noise compensation --- inter-carrier-interference (ICI) --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- Brillouin --- ultrafast --- distributed sensing --- pump pulse array --- resolution enhancement --- SNR --- n/a