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"Loaded Dice: Race & Risk in the United States presents the historical relationship between statistical risk assessment and race in the United States. It illustrates how, through a reliance on the variable of race, actuarial science transformed the nature of racism and, in turn, helped usher racial disparities in wealth, incarceration, and housing from the nineteenth century into the twentieth. The monograph begins by investigating the development of statistical risk assessment explicitly based on race in the late-nineteenth-century life insurance industry. It then traces how such risk assessment migrated from industry to government, becoming a guiding force in sentencing and parole decisions and in federal housing policy. Finally, it concludes with an analysis of "proxies" for race-statistical variables that correlate significantly with race--in order to demonstrate the persistent presence of race in risk assessment even after the anti-discrimination regulations won by the Civil Rights Movement. Offering readers a new perspective on the historical importance of actuarial science in structural racism, Loaded Dice is a particularly timely contribution as Big Data and algorithmic decision making increasingly pervade American life"--

African Americans --- Risk assessment --- Race discrimination --- Actuarial science --- Life insurance --- African American criminals. --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) --- Noirs américains --- Évaluation du risque --- Discrimination raciale --- Relations interethniques --- Actuariat --- Assurance-vie --- Criminels noirs américains. --- Sentences (procédure pénale) --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions. --- Housing. --- Conditions sociales --- Conditions économiques. --- Logement. --- United States --- Race relations. --- United State --- African Americans - Social conditions - 1975 --- -African Americans - Economic conditions. --- Risk assessment - United States. --- Race discrimination - United States. --- Actuarial science - United States. --- African Americans - Housing. --- Life insurance - United States. --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States. --- United State - Race relations. --- Noirs américains --- Évaluation du risque --- Criminels noirs américains. --- Sentences (procédure pénale) --- Conditions économiques.