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The problem of classifying the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p › 0 is a long-standing one. Work on this question during the last 45 years has been directed by the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p › 5 a finite-dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p › 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p › 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block-Wilson-Strade-Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: Every finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p › 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. In the three-volume book, the author is assembling the proof of the Classification Theorem with explanations and references. The goal is a state-of-the-art account on the structure and classification theory of Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic leading to the forefront of current research in this field. This is the last of three volumes. In this monograph the proof of the Classification Theorem presented in the first volume is concluded. It collects all the important results on the topic which can be found only in scattered scientific literature so far.

Lie algebras. --- Algebras, Lie --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebras, Linear --- Lie groups --- Field of Positive Characteristic. --- Lie Algebra.

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Mathematical optimization --- Geometry [Differential ] --- Meetkunde (Differentiaal-) --- Algèbres de Lie. --- Géométrie différentielle --- Lie (Algebra's van).

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Geometry [Differential ] --- Lie (Algebra van). (Versch. onderwerpen) --- Géométrie différentielle. (Mélanges) --- Algèbres de Lie. (Mélanges) --- Meetkunde (Differentiaal-). (Versch. onderwerpen)

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The problem of classifying the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p › 0 is a long-standing one. Work on this question during the last 45 years has been directed by the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p › 5 a finite-dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p › 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p › 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block-Wilson-Strade-Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: Every finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p › 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. In the three-volume book, the author is assembling the proof of the Classification Theorem with explanations and references. The goal is a state-of-the-art account on the structure and classification theory of Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic leading to the forefront of current research in this field. This is the second part of the three-volume book about the classification of the simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristics › 3. The first volume contains the methods, examples, and a first classification result. This second volume presents insight in the structure of tori of Hamiltonian and Melikian algebras. Based on sandwich element methods due to Aleksei. I. Kostrikin and Alexander A. Premet and the investigation of absolute toral rank 2 simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristics › 3 is given.

Lie algebras. --- Algebra. --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Algebras, Lie --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebras, Linear --- Lie groups --- Lie Algebra, Field of Positive Characteristic, Absolute Toral Rank Two Case.

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Since the end of the 19th century when the prominent Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie created the theory of Lie algebras and Lie groups and developed the method of their applications for solving differential equations, his theory and method have continuously been the research focus of many well-known mathematicians and physicists. This book is devoted to recent development in Lie theory and its applications for solving physically and biologically motivated equations and models. The book contains the articles published in two Special Issue of the journal Symmetry, which are devoted to analysis and classification of Lie algebras, which are invariance algebras of real-word models; Lie and conditional symmetry classification problems of nonlinear PDEs; the application of symmetry-based methods for finding new exact solutions of nonlinear PDEs (especially reaction-diffusion equations) arising in applications; the application of the Lie method for solving nonlinear initial and boundary-value problems (especially those for modelling processes with diffusion, heat transfer, and chemotaxis).

Lie algebra/group --- invariance algebra of nonlinear PDE --- Lie symmetry --- nonlinear boundary-value problem --- (generalized) conditional symmetry --- symmetry of (initial) boundary-value problem --- invariant solution --- exact solution --- non-Lie solution --- Q-conditional symmetry --- representation of Lie algebra --- nonclassical symmetry --- invariance algebra of PDE