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"A major challenge facing regulators in industrial and developing countries alike is the need to strike the right balance between ensuring certainty for market players and preserving flexibility of the regulatory process to accommodate the rapidly changing market, technological, and policy conditions. This challenge applies across a wide range of regulatory instruments and vehicles including license renewal, which is the focus of this paper. The authors provide an overview of mobile license renewal issues covering the legal regime of license renewal, the renewal process, the non-renewal context, and the changes in licensing conditions, including spectrum implications of the renewal process. They draw best practices that started to emerge in recent renewal practices, to ensure that the renewal process leads to the best outcome for all stakeholders. As much as possible, policymakers and regulators should strive to promote investors' confidence and give incentives for long-term investment. They can do this by favoring the principle of "renewal expectancy," but also by promoting regulatory certainty and predictability through a fair, transparent, and participatory renewal process. For example, by providing details for license renewal or reissue, clearly establishing what is the discretion offered to the licensing body, or ensuring sufficient lead-times and transitional arrangements in the event of non-renewal or changes in licensing conditions. Public consultation procedures and guaranteeing the right to appeal regulatory decisions maximizes the prospects for a successful renewal process. As technological changes and convergence and technologically neutral approaches gain importance, regulators and policymakers need to be ready to adapt and evolve licensing procedures and practices to the new environment. "--World Bank web site.

Licenses.

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Licenses.

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This book provides an analysis of content licensing contract review policies within academic libraries. It explores various aspects of contract review processes, including time spent by legal and librarian staff, satisfaction levels with the efficiency of these processes, and plans for improvement. The book also examines the financial impact of journal 'Big Deals' on library budgets over several years. The intended audience includes academic library leadership and professionals involved in contract management. The author's goal is to offer insights and data to help libraries enhance their content licensing procedures.

Licenses. --- Contracts. --- Licenses --- Contracts

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Licenses --- Lizenz.

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Dass einem Arzt einmal die Approbation aberkannt wird, kommt selten vor; noch seltener ist es, dass die Aberkennung auf den Zeitpunkt der Erteilung zurückwirkt. Voraussetzung ist, dass die Approbation von vornherein nicht hätte erteilt werden dürfen, sei es weil die Anforderungen an die Ausbildung des künftigen Arztes nicht erfüllt waren, sei es weil charakterliche Mängel (Unwürdigkeit, Unzuverlässigkeit) einer Tätigkeit als Arzt entgegenstanden. Obwohl praktisch selten ist die Rücknahme einer Approbation akademisch von besonderem Interesse, und zwar deshalb, weil sie letztlich dazu führt, dass der gesamten ärztlichen Tätigkeit des Betroffenen nachträglich die Rechtsgrundlage entzogen wird. Streng genommen wird folglich jeder einzelne ärztliche Heileingriff rechtswidrig, stellt also (unter Umständen) strafrechtlich eine Körperverletzung dar und begründet zivilrechtlich eine Schadensersatzhaftung. Weder die strafrechtlichen noch die zivilrechtlichen Folgen einer Rückwirkung sind indes bislang auch nur ansatzweise in wissenschaftlich fundierter Weise untersucht worden. Diese Lücke soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit zumindest für den Bereich des Zivilrechts geschlossen werden.

Physicians --- Licenses.