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Book
Holy legionary youth : fascist activism in interwar Romania
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ISBN: 0801456339 0801456347 9780801456343 9780801453687 0801453682 9780801456336 Year: 2015 Publisher: Ithaca : Cornell University Press,

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Abstract

Founded in 1927, Romania's Legion of the Archangel Michael was one of Europe's largest and longest-lived fascist social movements. In Holy Legionary Youth, Roland Clark draws on oral histories, memoirs, and substantial research in the archives of the Romanian secret police to provide the most comprehensive account of the Legion in English to date. Clark approaches Romanian fascism by asking what membership in the Legion meant to young Romanian men and women. Viewing fascism "from below," as a social category that had practical consequences for those who embraced it, he shows how the personal significance of fascism emerged out of Legionaries' interactions with each other, the state, other political parties, families and friends, and fascist groups abroad. Official repression, fascist spectacle, and the frequency and nature of legionary activities changed a person's everyday activities and relationships in profound ways.Clark's sweeping history traces fascist organizing in interwar Romania to nineteenth-century grassroots nationalist movements that demanded political independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also shows how closely the movement was associated with the Romanian Orthodox Church and how the uniforms, marches, and rituals were inspired by the muscular, martial aesthetic of fascism elsewhere in Europe. Although antisemitism was a key feature of official fascist ideology, state violence against Legionaries rather than the extensive fascist violence against Jews had a far greater impact on how Romanians viewed the movement and their role in it. Approaching fascism in interwar Romania as an everyday practice, Holy Legionary Youth offers a new perspective on European fascism, highlighting how ordinary people "performed" fascism by working together to promote a unique and totalizing social identity.


Book
Faschisten im KZ : Rumäniens eiserne Garde und das dritte Reich
Author:
ISBN: 3732999084 9783732999088 Year: 2014 Publisher: Berlin, Germany : Frank & Timme,

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Biographical note: Dr. Gerhard Köpernik, 1944 in Iglau/Mähren geboren, hat Rechtswissenschaft und Politik studiert und im Bundeswirtschaftsministerium gearbeitet. Von 1979 bis 1983 war er an der deutschen Botschaft in Bukarest als Handelsattaché, 2008/09 im Auftrag der EU-Kommission in der Bukarester Umweltagentur tätig. Seit 2005 ist er Präsident der Deutsch-Rumänischen Gesellschaft. Long description: Faschisten im KZ? Das gab es, auch wenn sie „Ehrenhäftlinge“ waren, die lediglich mundtot gemacht werden sollten. Die Eiserne Garde, auch Legion genannt, eine nach dem 1. Weltkrieg in Rumänien gegründete faschistische Bewegung, kam im September 1940 an der Seite General Antonescus an die Macht. Sie putschte erfolglos im Januar 1941 gegen den rumänischen Staatsführer, der das volle Vertrauen Hitlers genoss. Führende Persönlichkeiten der Garde flohen nach Deutschland, wurden interniert und im Januar 1943 in Konzentrationslager gebracht, nachdem ihr Anführer, Horia Sima, versucht hatte, nach Italien zu fliehen. Nach dem Sturz Antonescus im August 1944 wurden die Legionäre zu Bundesgenossen der Nazis. Anhand von amtlichen Dokumenten aus deutschen Archiven und mit einem Blick auf Autobiographien von Legionären zeichnet der Autor diese Geschichte detailgetreu nach.

Keywords

Fascism. --- National socialism. --- Nazism --- Authoritarianism --- Fascism --- Nazis --- Neo-Nazism --- Totalitarianism --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Neo-fascism --- Collectivism --- Corporate state --- National socialism --- Synarchism --- Causes --- Romania --- Government of Romania --- Lo-ma-ni-ya --- Luomaniya --- R.N.R. --- R.P.R. --- R.P. Romînă --- R.S.R. --- Republica Populară Romînă --- Republica Socialistă România --- Rhowmenia --- RNR --- Román Szocialista Köztársaság --- Romāniyā --- Romanyah --- Roumania --- Roumanie --- RP Romînă --- RPR --- RSR --- Rumania --- Rumänien --- Rumenyah --- Rumenye --- Rumunia --- Rumŭnii︠a︡ --- Rumunsko --- Rumynii︠a︡ --- Rumynskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Румыния --- ルーマニア --- 羅馬尼亞 --- 루마니아 --- Moldavia --- Wallachia --- Foreign relations --- Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea, --- Garda de Fier. --- Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail. --- Codreanu, C. Z. --- Codreanu, Corneliu Z. --- Zelea-Codreanu, Corneliu, --- Zelinschi, Corneliu, --- Zelinski, Corneliu, --- Legion "Erzengel Michael" --- Legión de San Miguel Arcángel --- Legion of the "Archangel Michael" --- Legiunea "Arhanghelul Mihail" pentru Apărarea Pământului Strămoșesc --- Mihály Arkangyal Légió --- Legion “Archangel Michael” --- Mișcarea Legionară --- Garda de Fier --- Liga Naționalistă Garda de Fier (Romania) --- Iron Guard (Romania) --- Garde de fer (Romania) --- Eiserne Garde (Romania) --- Guardia di ferro (Romania) --- Guardia de Hierro (Romania) --- Vasgárda (Romania) --- Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail --- Partidul Totul pentru Țară

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