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This book is a concise introduction to the essential concepts and tools used in the Lean method for improving business processes. It constitutes a sufficient toolkit to enable practitioners to quickly start using Lean to improve business processes in their workplace. Alternatively, it can also serve as a textbook in undergraduate or master's programs. This book succinctly describes the benefits of Lean in manufacturing, sales, administration, distribution, health care, and other industries, as well as providing a step-by-step description of how Lean is applied.

Lean manufacturing. --- continuous improvement --- efficiency --- lead time reduction --- Lean --- Lean manufacturing --- Lean Six Sigma --- process analysis --- process improvement --- process management --- process mapping --- value stream mapping

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Inventory management is a subject that is largely spread in the literature. Inventory holding undeniably allows a company to meet one of its most important strategic objectives that will ensure its sustainability: customer satisfaction. By reducing replenishment lead-times and ensuring high service level, despite a limited production capacity, a company can get a significant competitive advantage thanks to finished goods inventory. Actually, the purpose of maintaining finished good inventory is to fill the gap between supply and demand processes so that the various partners of the supply chain are well-coordinated.
However, maintaining a certain level of inventory is not costless, which is why inventory management is a high-stake dimension for an entity. An efficient trade-off has to be found between maximization of customer satisfaction and minimization of inventory-related costs. 
In the frame of this master thesis, the project consists of an in-depth analysis regarding two customers of United Caps that are causing inventory-related problems in the company. The first client concerned by this analysis is FrieslandCampina – Aalter. The issue induced by this client is related to unreliable sales forecasts. The second client is Natra – Malle which requires a too high level of safety stock for United Caps. The main goal of this master thesis is to make specific recommendations to United Caps regarding the way to handle efficiently these issues.
The fact that this master thesis covers two different subjects related to the same global issue, inventory management, allows studying various important topics linked with the inventory management theory, such as the inventory replenishment policy applied in the company, the bullwhip effect and the aggregated demand for example.

Inventory management --- Finished products --- Sales forecast --- Safety stock --- Consumer satisfaction --- Inventory holding costs --- Shortage risk --- Limited production capacity --- Replenishment lead time --- Service level --- Bullwhip effect --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Production, distribution & gestion de la chaîne logistique

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Over the last decade, the growth of e-commerce has continued to increase and this phenomenon is not about to stop. Today, providing an exceptional online shopping experience requires improving the entire process (i.e. pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase). In addition, delivery times seem to be a key factor in satisfying customers who are becoming more and more demanding.
Faced with this situation, PFS realized that collaborating with the UPS carrier could reduce delivery times to France and Spain by sending a truck earlier in the day to the UPS distribution centre in Paris. This project-thesis focuses on this new service and in particular for Asics and Clarins clients. The objective is to assess the impacts of a new promise allowing any customer who places an order before noon to benefit from shorter delivery times.
First, a review of the scientific literature and other sources of information is carried out in order to understand trends in e-commerce, customers' requirements in terms of delivery times and the improvement of some order fulfilment processes. It appears that fast delivery times increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty.
Then, analyses are performed on the impacts that this new promise has on warehouse operations but also on truck loading capacity. This is achieved through the development of a specific methodology to simulate scenarios associated to peak and off-peak periods.
Finally, recommendations are proposed. In general, flexibility is needed in terms of the type(s) of truck(s) to be used. Regarding operations in the warehouse, all orders can be processed with some changes in the start time of outbound operations and the number of workers required. Nevertheless, for a better management of this new service, specific daily forecasts on the number of orders to be shipped should be established. Durant la dernière décennie, la croissance de l’e-commerce n’a cessé d’augmenter et ce phénomène n’est pas près de s’arrêter. Aujourd’hui, fournir une expérience d’achat en ligne exceptionnelle passe par l’amélioration de l’ensemble du processus (c.-à-d. pré-achat, achat et post-achat). De plus, les délais de livraison semblent être un facteur clé de satisfaction chez les consommateurs devenus de plus en plus exigeants. Face à ce constat, PFS s’est rendu compte qu’une collaboration avec le transporteur UPS pouvait permettre de bénéficier d’une diminution des délais de livraison sur la France et l’Espagne en faisant partir un camion plus tôt dans la journée à destination du centre de distribution UPS à Paris. Ce mémoire-projet se concentre sur ce nouveau service et en particulier pour les clients Asics et Clarins. L’objectif est d’évaluer les impacts d’une nouvelle promesse permettant à tout consommateur qui place une commande avant midi de bénéficier de délais de livraison plus courts.
Tout d’abord, une revue de la littérature scientifique ainsi que d’autres sources d’informations ont permis de comprendre les tendances dans l’e-commerce, les exigences des consommateurs en termes de délais de livraison et l’amélioration de certains processus d’exécution des commandes. Il ressort que les délais de livraison rapides et à moindres coûts permettraient d’augmenter la satisfaction des consommateurs.
Ensuite, des analyses sont effectuées sur l’impact que peut avoir cette nouvelle promesse au point de vue des opérations dans l’entrepôt mais également sur la capacité de chargement des camions. Ceci est rendu possible grâce à l’élaboration d’une méthodologie permettant de simuler des scénarios associés à des périodes spécifiques.
Finalement, des recommandations sont proposées. De manière générale, une flexibilité quant aux types de camions à utiliser est nécessaire. En ce qui concerne les opérations, le traitement de toutes les commandes est possible moyennant quelques changements au niveau des heures de début des opérations ainsi que sur le nombre de travailleurs requis. Néanmoins, pour une meilleure gestion de ce nouveau service, des prévisions journalières spécifiques sur le nombre de commandes à expédier doivent être réalisées.

Customer satisfaction, experience and loyalty --- Simulations --- Forecasts --- Order cut-off time --- Injection directe --- Lead time --- Warehouse operations --- Expérience, satisfaction et fidélisation des clients --- Simulations --- Prévisions --- Heure limite de commandes --- Direct injection --- Délais de livraison --- opérations dans un entrepôt --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Production, distribution & gestion de la chaîne logistique

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This Special Issue publishes the latest advances and developments concerning the modelling of flooding in urban areas and contributes to our scientific understanding of the flooding processes and the appropriate evaluation of flood impacts. This issue contains contributions of novel methodologies including flood forecasting methods, data acquisition techniques, experimental research in urban drainage systems and/or sustainable drainage systems, and new numerical and simulation approaches in nine papers with contributions from over forty authors.

machine learning --- flash flood --- GIS --- Iran --- decision trees --- ensemble techniques --- manhole flooding --- urban flooding --- grid-based modeling --- SWWM --- FIRM --- pollutant transport --- hydraulic structures --- urban drainage --- CFD --- dual drainage --- Iber --- SWMM --- hazard --- artificial neural network --- resilient backpropagation --- multistep urban flood forecast --- demographic change --- urbanization --- flooding --- drainage system --- vulnerability --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Antananarivo --- parameterised power-linear model --- hyper concentration --- dilute concentration --- suspended sediment transport --- flood --- sediment size parameter --- rouse number --- mean concentration --- flow depth --- urban flood modeling --- porosity --- shallow-water model --- urban flood management --- flood forecasting --- weather radar --- integrated hydraulic modeling --- and evacuation lead time --- n/a

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The evolution of industrial development since the 18th century is now experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. The effect of the development has propagated into almost every sector of the industry. From inventory to the circular economy, the effectiveness of technology has been fruitful for industry. The recent trends in research, with new ideas and methodologies, are included in this book. Several new ideas and business strategies are developed in the area of the supply chain management, logistics, optimization, and forecasting for the improvement of the economy of the society and the environment. The proposed technologies and ideas are either novel or help modify several other new ideas. Different real life problems with different dimensions are discussed in the book so that readers may connect with the recent issues in society and industry. The collection of the articles provides a glimpse into the new research trends in technology, business, and the environment.

Supply chain management --- benchmarking --- simulation --- mathematical analytic tools and techniques --- system reliability --- Trade-credit financing --- order allocation --- decomposition principle --- efficiency and scatter plots --- sustainable healthcare system --- workplace stress --- optimization --- defective rate --- electric power distribution --- newsvendor --- inspection --- energy --- air quality --- triangular fuzzy number --- quality control --- supplier selection --- multi-stage production system --- robustness --- offline inspection --- workers’ efficiency --- transshipments --- imperfect products --- process imperfection --- Bayesian approach --- imperfect production --- inventory modelling and optimization --- information asymmetry --- supply chain management --- framework for agile distributed development --- human-based production system --- lead-time reduction --- staff absenteeism --- inventory control --- fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) --- sustainable --- develop strategies --- fuzzy optimization --- preventive maintenance --- imperfect quality --- refrigerated trucks --- petrochemical industries --- economic order quantity (EOQ) --- defectives --- substitute and complimentary items --- production modelling --- stochastic-petri net modeling --- supply chain inventory --- defective products --- transport infrastructure --- data envelopment analysis --- advertisement --- e-commerce --- price discounts --- recurrent states --- variable demand --- machine breakdown --- industry 4.0 --- rough interval --- partial trade credit --- business performance --- mixed integer nonlinear programming --- fixed charge --- preservation technology investment --- repairable system --- multicriteria decision making (MCDM) --- managerial considerations and managerial decisions --- four-dimensional transportation problem --- time series analysis --- permissible delays in payments --- integer linear programming --- process mean --- backordering --- stochastic-price dependent demand --- controllable probabilistic deterioration rate --- budget constraint --- likelihood ratio test --- radio frequency identification --- rework --- supplier selection process --- deteriorating items --- smart production --- scheduling --- green data envelopment analysis (GDEA) --- Cash discounts --- learning behavior --- imperfect manufacturing system --- inspection cost --- airborne particulate matter --- reworking --- fuzzy demand --- optimal algorithms --- distributed development --- sustainability --- distribution-free approach --- decision support systems --- evolutionary algorithm --- backorder --- inspection errors --- waste reduction --- resilient supply chain --- space constraint --- hybrid manufacturing- remanufacturing strategy --- edible oil --- complementary products --- CLSC management --- carbon emission --- change point detection --- revenue sharing --- production --- random defective rate --- pricing policy --- agile development --- inventory --- mathematical solution procedure --- reliability threshold --- outgoing quality --- disruption risks --- multi-objective --- strict quasi-concavity --- optimized limits --- uncertain information --- full trade credit --- customer acquisition cost --- Lean manufacturing --- imperfect repair --- substitutable products --- dynamic job-shop scheduling --- patient’s queue --- application program interfaces in agile distributed projects --- internet of things --- deterioration --- O2O channel --- targeting model --- lean manufacturing --- multidimensional scaling --- technical and super-efficiencies --- pricing