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International military interventions can be extremely costly in terms of monetary resources, logistical challenges, and possible soldier and civilian casualties, as well as the potential for catastrophic results to international relations and agreements. In one such example of these enormous potential costs, the US and UK wished to stop a Russian ship from delivering ammunition to the Assad regime in Syria in 2012. Intercepting or confronting a Russian ship in transit could have erupted into open conflict, so they sought an alternative, non-confrontational maneuver : instead of military intervention, the UK persuaded the ship's insurer, London's Standard Club, to withdraw the ship's insurance. This loss of insurance caused the ship to return to Russia, thus avoiding an international clash as well as the delivery of deadly weapons to Syria. This use of legal maneuvering in lieu of armed force is known as 'lawfare' and is becoming a critical strategic platform. The author draws on his experiences as a lawfare practitioner, US State Department attorney, and international law scholar in analyzing the theory and practice of the strategic leveraging of law as an increasingly powerful and effective weapon in the current global security landscape. Lawfare incorporates case studies of recent offensive and defensive lawfare by the United States, Iran, China, and by both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and includes dozens of examples of how lawfare has thus been waged and defended against. The author notes that since private attorneys can play important and decisive roles in their nations' national security plans through their expertise in areas like financial law, maritime insurance law, cyber law, and telecommunications law, the full scope of lawfare's impact and possibilities are just starting to be understood. With international security becoming an ever complicated minefield of concerns and complications, understanding this alternative to armed force has never been more important.

LAWFARE --- WAR (INTERNATIONAL LAW)

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Weaponising Evidence provides the first analysis of the history of the international law on tobacco control. By relying on a vast set of empirical sources, it analyses the negotiation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the tobacco control disputes lodged before the WTO and international investment tribunals (Philip Morris v Uruguay and Australia - Plain Packaging). The investigation focuses on two main threads: the instrumental use of international law in the warlike confrontation between the tobacco control advocates and the tobacco industry, and the use of evidence as a weapon in the conflict. The book unveils important lessons on the functioning of international organizations, the role of corporate actors and civil society organizations, and the importance and limits of science in law-making and litigation.

Tobacco --- Tobacco industry --- Tobacco use --- Public health laws, International. --- Lawfare. --- Law and legislation. --- Government policy. --- Prevention --- International cooperation. --- WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

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"Comment fait-on la guerre au XXIe siècle ? Principalement par drones, en éliminant l'ennemi avant qu'il ne nuise. Au Yémen, en Afghanistan, en Palestine ou au Pakistan, ces opérations dites d'" assassinats ciblés " surviennent à l'abri des regards. Pratiques d'abord largement décriées en Europe et outre-Atlantique, elles se sont banalisées à partir des années 2000 dans le contexte de la guerre contre le terrorisme. Elles questionnent pourtant la conception traditionnelle d'une violence légitime en démocratie. Quels sont les arguments mobilisés par les gouvernements, notamment en Israël et aux Etats-Unis, pour faire accepter ce droit de tuer ? Combinant enquête de terrain et recherches, Amélie Férey examine minutieusement les processus de légalisation et de légitimation dans les démocraties de cette guerre qui ne dit pas son nom. L'auteure discute les arguments avancés par ceux qui utilisent ces assassinats : sont-ils si différents des assassinats politiques ? Appartiennent-ils vraiment au registre de la guerre préventive ? Ont-ils un rôle dissuasif ? Respectent-ils le cadre légal international ? Amélie Férey livre ici une analyse décisive pour comprendre les enjeux de ces pratiques qui font désormais partie intégrante du paysage stratégique contemporain."

Targeted killing --- Targeted killing (International law) --- Political violence --- Military ethics --- Lawfare --- Moral and ethical aspects --- History --- Assassinat ciblé --- Terrorisme --- Attaque préventive (science militaire) --- Guerre --- Légitime défense (droit international) --- Politique publique --- Lutte contre --- Aspect moral. --- Terrorism --- Preemptive attack (Military science) --- War --- Self-defense (International law) --- Prevention --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Prevention. --- Targeted killing - Moral and ethical aspects --- Targeted killing - History - 21st century --- Targeted killing (International law) - History - 21st century --- Political violence - Moral and ethical aspects --- Lawfare - History - 21st century

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Les logiques de conflictualité ont changé de forme depuis une vingtaine d'années. À des conflits majoritairement armés se surajoutent ou se substituent parfois des formes d'agressions non armées et non militaires, souvent ressenties comme de véritabies actes de " guerre ". Ces actes sont par ailleurs généralement situés en deçà du " seuil " du droit des conflits armés. Or, précisément, il n'existe pas, de manière explicite en tout cas, de règles conventionnelles internationales permettant de contrôler ces nouvelles formes d'agressions. Cet essai propose une réflexion générale sur ces nouvelles formes de guerre " atypique ", d'abord pour identifier ses formes et ses acteurs, et surtout pour formuler une proposition, celle de l'hypothèse de l'existence d'un ensemble de règles internationales, issues de coutumes internationales, de jus cogens, susceptibles d'être mobilisées pour former un embryon de droit international des conflits non armés, le tout à l'origine de l'institution moderne de l'arbitrage international. Elles peuvent conduire à un contrôle des décisions prises et des actes de guerre atypique par des juridictions internes, internationales ou des arbitres Internationaux. C'est déjà d'ailleurs le cas dans quelques situations spécifiques. Elles permettent de proposer un panorama de l'essentiel de ces actes de guerre atypique et d'en définir les termes : lawfare, guerre économique, guerre informationnelle, les règles applicables existantes ou à créer et un certain nombre de cas concrets, sans prétendre bien entendu à l'exhaustivité.

Poursuites judiciaires --- Relations économiques internationales --- Médias et propagande --- Aspect politique. --- Relations économiques internationales. --- Médias et propagande --- Guerre (droit international) --- Médias et guerre. --- Guerre --- Cyberstratégie. --- Aspect économique. --- War (International law) --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Lawfare --- Guerre juridique --- Economic sanctions. --- Sanctions économiques --- Information warfare --- Guerre de l'information --- Law and legislation. --- Droit

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In this work, author Orde Kittrie draws on his experiences as a lawfare practitioner, U.S. State Department attorney, and international law scholar in analyzing the theory and practice of the use of law as a weapon of war.

Government liability (International law) --- Actions and defenses --- Public interest law --- Malicious prosecution --- National security --- Arab-Israeli conflict --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Political aspects --- Law and legislation --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Law and legislation. --- Israel-Arab conflicts --- Israel-Palestine conflict --- Israeli-Arab conflict --- Israeli-Palestinian conflict --- Jewish-Arab relations --- Palestine-Israel conflict --- Palestine problem (1948- ) --- Palestinian-Israeli conflict --- Palestinian Arabs --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Prosecution, Malicious --- Torts --- Simulation of crimes --- Law, Public interest --- Pro bono publico legal services --- Public interest --- Practice of law --- Cause lawyers --- Legal services --- Civil actions --- Defense (Law) --- Interpleader --- Lawsuits --- Litigation --- Personal actions --- Real actions --- Suits (Law) --- Court proceedings --- Procedure (Law) --- Trial practice --- Civil procedure --- Remedies (Law) --- International claims --- International law --- Sovereignty --- Claims --- History --- Government policy --- Lawfare (Transnational litigation for political purposes)