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This textbook examines the controversial issue of racial profiling and how it affects a police officer's decision concerning which drivers should be stopped for questioning during routine traffic duty. This textbook takes the strong stance that racial profiling should be universally rejected as a police strategy. However, profiling of offenders without regard to race should continue to be used by police officers as a sound crime fighting strategy. The author explains that profiling is not only a necessary strategy for police officers, but that profiling is indeed a natural part of human psychology that allows people to better understand the world. The textbook is divided into eight sections. Section one explains the value of traffic stops to maintaining the public order and how some stops end up in court. Section two explains the controversy surrounding racial profiling and the ways in which it affects civil rights and even community relations. This section also takes a look at recent racial profiling litigation. Section three looks at specific State and Federal cases where racial profiling has presented legal complications. In particular, this section discusses racial profiling cases that occurred in New Jersey, Maryland, Illinois, Los Angeles, New York, Minnesota, and Ohio. The fourth section discusses legal issues involved with racial profiling, including an examination of the police civil rights pattern or practice statute, more commonly simply called section 14141. This section also provides an overview of common police defenses and case settlements. Section five explains the birth of Federal civil rights consent decrees and how they operate. This section also reports on the use of monitors to evaluate police department practices and on the fiscal impact of implementing racial profiling remedial actions. Section six reports on the effects of litigation on police conduct and operations. Section seven discusses the roles of elected officials, police managers, and police unions in relation to managing the impacts of legal remedies on police service. Finally, section eight outlines the consequences consent decrees have had on the operations of police departments. The author concludes by cautioning that although racial profiling should not be among the strategies employed by police officers, heavy-handed constraints placed on officers by political officials could seriously undermine the crime fighting potential of our Nations police departments.

Racial profiling in law enforcement --- Discrimination in law enforcement --- Traffic violations --- Discrimination in law enforcement -- United States. --- Racial profiling in law enforcement -- United States. --- Traffic violations -- United States.

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The purpose of this book is to assist both police leaders and city administrators with the long-standing challenge of implementing effective and acceptable crime prevention programs. Police departments have been organized to react to crime. The police in America are not organized to prevent crime. With this protracted dilemma in mind, this book is written to facilitate change in municipal policing and to identify effective methods for the implementation of crime prevention programs. The first chapters identify the problem and the need to fully understand the dilemma. From the cost of reactive

Criminology --United States. --- Law enforcement --United States. --- Police --United States. --- Law enforcement --- Police --- Criminology

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With increasing attention to the problem of missing children and homeless youth, many issues have been raised: What are the different types of missing children cases? How many missing children are there within each case type every year? How do public agencies in general and law enforcement in particular handle reports of missing children? In 1984, Congress enacted the Missing Children's Assistance Act which redefines the problem from being treated as a social problem to a law enforcement problem so that agencies are forced to reexamine their responsibilities. This book provides basic informati

Law enforcement -- United States. --- Law enforcement response. --- Missing children -- United States. --- Missing children --- Law enforcement

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From random security checks at airports to the use of risk assessment in sentencing, actuarial methods are being used more than ever to determine whom law enforcement officials target and punish. And with the exception of racial profiling on our highways and streets, most people favor these methods because they believe they're a more cost-effective way to fight crime.In Against Prediction, Bernard E. Harcourt challenges this growing reliance on actuarial methods. These prediction tools, he demonstrates, may in fact increase the overall amount of crime in soci

Criminal behavior, Prediction of --- Law enforcement --- Racial profiling in law enforcement --- Statistical methods --- Statistical methods. --- Racial profiling in law enforcement - United States --- Criminal behavior, Prediction of - United States --- Law enforcement - United States - Statistical methods

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Criminology. Victimology --- United States --- Law enforcement --- Crime --- Criminalité --- Criminals --- Criminels --- Lois --- Application --- Law enforcement - United States --- United States of America