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The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.

red blood cells --- n/a --- metastatic potential --- microfluidic devices --- microstructure --- lens-less --- regression analysis --- power-law fluid --- narrow rectangular microchannel --- biomedical coatings --- XTC-YF cells --- red blood cell (RBC) aggregation --- Y-27632 --- finite element method --- POCT --- CEA detection --- immersed boundary method --- suspension --- particle tracking velocimetry --- biomicrofluidics --- computational fluid dynamics --- red blood cells (RBCs) --- modified conventional erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) method --- computational biomechanics --- RBC aggregation index --- microfabrication --- microfluidics --- morphological analysis --- chronic renal disease --- multiple microfluidic channels --- centrifugal microfluidic device --- deformability --- master molder using xurography technique --- fluorescent chemiluminescence --- hydrophobic dish --- pressure-driven flow --- cell deformability --- mechanophenotyping --- separation and sorting techniques --- density medium --- cell adhesion --- polymers --- rheology --- circular microchannel --- blood on chips --- multinucleated cells --- velocity --- cell analysis --- microfluidic chip --- twin-image removal --- cancer --- Lattice–Boltzmann method --- diabetes --- hyperbolic microchannel --- Lattice-Boltzmann method

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A rapid growth in various industries and domestic activities is resulting in a huge amount of wastewater. Various types of wastewaters, such as textile, municipal, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, and aquaculture, etc., are produced regularly by respective industries. These wastewaters are rich in nutrient content and promote eutrophication in the ecosystem and pose a threat to flora and fauna. According to an estimate, eutrophication causes losses of almost 2 billion US dollars annually, affecting real estate and fishing activities. Treatment of wastewater is a costly process and recently wastewater treatment with simultaneous energy production has received more attention. Microorganisms can be used to recover nutrients from wastewater and produce bioenergy (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, methane, etc.). A better understanding of the composition of various types of wastewaters and the development of technologies like anaerobic digestion (AD), microbial fuel cell (MFC), and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can help to make wastewater-based biorefinery a reality. To provide an overall overview to students, teachers, and researchers on wastewater to bioenergy technology ten chapters are included in this book.

Environmental science, engineering & technology --- effluent --- anaerobic digestion --- incineration --- Co-pyrolysis --- syngas --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- biogas --- MEC --- bio-hydrogen --- manure --- digestion --- cybersecurity --- cybercrime --- legislation --- policy --- systems thinking --- water --- DEA --- regional difference --- energy utilization efficiency --- carbon emission --- cost --- database --- treatment --- wastewater --- Web of Science --- biogas digestion --- hydrogen sulfide --- ferric oxide --- waterworks sludge --- biofilm --- lattice Boltzmann method --- cellular automata --- individual-based model --- chitin --- electricity generation --- halotolerant --- microbial fuel cell --- seafood processing --- microbial electrolysis cells --- chronological development --- wastewater to hydrogen --- scale-up --- life-cycle assessment --- MEC commercialization --- microalgae --- wastewater treatment --- nutrient removal --- n/a

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A rapid growth in various industries and domestic activities is resulting in a huge amount of wastewater. Various types of wastewaters, such as textile, municipal, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, and aquaculture, etc., are produced regularly by respective industries. These wastewaters are rich in nutrient content and promote eutrophication in the ecosystem and pose a threat to flora and fauna. According to an estimate, eutrophication causes losses of almost 2 billion US dollars annually, affecting real estate and fishing activities. Treatment of wastewater is a costly process and recently wastewater treatment with simultaneous energy production has received more attention. Microorganisms can be used to recover nutrients from wastewater and produce bioenergy (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, methane, etc.). A better understanding of the composition of various types of wastewaters and the development of technologies like anaerobic digestion (AD), microbial fuel cell (MFC), and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can help to make wastewater-based biorefinery a reality. To provide an overall overview to students, teachers, and researchers on wastewater to bioenergy technology ten chapters are included in this book.

Environmental science, engineering & technology --- effluent --- anaerobic digestion --- incineration --- Co-pyrolysis --- syngas --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- biogas --- MEC --- bio-hydrogen --- manure --- digestion --- cybersecurity --- cybercrime --- legislation --- policy --- systems thinking --- water --- DEA --- regional difference --- energy utilization efficiency --- carbon emission --- cost --- database --- treatment --- wastewater --- Web of Science --- biogas digestion --- hydrogen sulfide --- ferric oxide --- waterworks sludge --- biofilm --- lattice Boltzmann method --- cellular automata --- individual-based model --- chitin --- electricity generation --- halotolerant --- microbial fuel cell --- seafood processing --- microbial electrolysis cells --- chronological development --- wastewater to hydrogen --- scale-up --- life-cycle assessment --- MEC commercialization --- microalgae --- wastewater treatment --- nutrient removal

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Dear colleagues, Geological energy has a long history in China. As early as 500 BC, China began to use coal as fuel. In the middle of the 19th century, China began to develop oil resources. After the foundation of new China, with the discovery of the Daqing oilfield, China's oil industry entered an era of great development. During the 21st century, with the development of drilling technology, the development of unconventional energy such as shale gas and shale oil has entered a new era. In recent years, the development of flammable ice has set off a wave of clean energy. With the carbon reduction plan proposed by the Chinese government, clean geo-energy has been granted unparalleled development space in the future. China's geo-energy development technology used to lag behind that of major developed countries for a long time, but after years of development, it has become the world's leading edge in some fields. Therefore, we specially set up this collection to collect China's advanced geo-energy exploitation technology and development trends, whilst providing some new directions for thinking about geo-energy development in China and even the world. This collection seeks to contribute to such topics through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge.

Research & information: general --- airflow reversal --- gas outburst --- mine ventilation system --- orthogonal experiment --- numerical simulation --- deep chamber --- asymmetric failure --- mechanical analysis --- control measures --- Yinggehai --- overpressure --- hydraulic fracture --- mudstone --- fluid pressure --- red sandstone --- pre-existing cracks --- creep behavior --- temperature --- long-term permeability --- partial saturation --- patchy saturation --- squirt flow --- P-wave velocity dispersion and attenuation --- anelasticity --- ultrasonic measurements --- heavy oil reservoirs --- cyclic steam stimulation --- conformance control --- extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) trees --- prediction model --- Dongsha Waters in the northern South China Sea margin --- velocity inversion --- mud volcano --- magma intrusion --- Mesozoic hydrocarbon --- tubing --- modal analysis --- fluid-structure interaction --- inlet pressure --- pipeline --- water hammer --- gas-liquid two-phase flow --- pressure --- velocity --- lattice Boltzmann method --- discrete element method --- sand production --- force chain network analysis --- seismic sedimentology --- sedimentary facies evolution --- peat accumulation regularity --- frequency–division amplitude fusion --- thin sand bodies --- stable crack propagation --- crack strain --- stress–strain curve --- model --- wing crack --- outburst coal --- primary coal --- structural parameters --- infrared spectrum --- XRD --- oil shale --- in situ conversion project --- biomarker --- pyrolysis process --- organic geochemistry

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The miniaturization of components in mechanical and electronic equipment has been the driving force for the fast development of micro/nanosystems. Heat and mass transfer are crucial processes in such systems, and they have attracted great interest in recent years. Tremendous effort, in terms of theoretical analyses, experimental measurements, numerical simulation, and practical applications, has been devoted to improve our understanding of complex heat and mass transfer processes and behaviors in such micro/nanosystems. This Special Issue is dedicated to showcasing recent advances in heat and mass transfer in micro- and nanosystems, with particular focus on the development of new models and theories, the employment of new experimental techniques, the adoption of new computational methods, and the design of novel micro/nanodevices. Thirteen articles have been published after peer-review evaluations, and these articles cover a wide spectrum of active research in the frontiers of micro/nanosystems.

Darcy-Forchheimer theory --- nonlinear stretching --- nanofluid --- magnetohydrodynamics --- convective conditions --- carbon nanotubes --- thermal radiation --- porous cavity --- wavy channels --- nanofluids --- forced convection --- heat enhancement --- pressure drop --- mesh model --- microfluidic --- flow distributions --- fluid network --- microchannel --- heat transfer enhancement --- numerical simulation --- monodisperse droplet generation --- satellite droplets --- piezoelectric method --- droplet coalescence --- lattice Boltzmann method --- inertial migration --- Poiseuille flow --- pulsatile velocity --- loop heat pipe --- deionized water --- two-phase flow --- visualization --- heat transfer experiment --- heat transfer --- porous media --- pore-scale modeling --- boundary condition --- thermal conductivity --- porosity --- conjugate interface --- aspect ratio --- Maxwell nanofluid --- Darcy–Forchheimer model --- chemical reaction --- Brownian diffusion --- wearable device --- microfluidic chip --- sweat collecting --- microfluidics --- liquid metal --- measurement --- temperature monitoring --- PCR --- pin-fins --- wavy pin-fins channel --- performance criterion --- friction factor --- n/a --- Darcy-Forchheimer model