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Despite the fact that writing has arisen independently many times in various different regions of the world, including Egypt, Sumer, China, and Mexico, the concept of the alphabet was invented only once, somewhere between Egypt and Phoenicia, with all known alphabets going back to this single source. While it is possible, up to a certain point, for scholars to provide an answer as to how the alphabet came about, it is much more difficult to understand the cause of its origin: why did it come about? In February 2013 Polis - the Jerusalem Institute of Languages and Humanities invited some of the leading experts studying the origins of the alphabet to Jerusalem for an interdisciplinary debate on this topic. Although the birth of the alphabet has been the subject of numerous international conferences and symposia, studies offering a linguistic, sociological or psychological perspective on the development of writing are extremely rare. This volume, bringing together the proceedings of this conference, shows that a broad consensus is emerging concerning the main factors and circumstances that surrounded the birth of the alphabet, accounting for such facets as the date of the first-known alphabetic inscriptions, the cultures involved in its invention, and the influence of the linguistic structure of the language spoken by the inventors.

Alphabet --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- History

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Alphabet --- Writing --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Alphabet - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Writing - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship

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Alphabet --- -Literacy --- -Written communication --- -Written discourse --- Written language --- Communication --- Discourse analysis --- Language and languages --- Visual communication --- Illiteracy --- Education --- General education --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- History --- -History --- Literacy --- Written communication

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Der Band vereint Beiträge zu neueren Entwicklungen in der Schrifttheorie, vor allem aus linguistischer, philosophischer, medientheoretischer und sprachdidaktischer Perspektive. Dabei geht es zum einen um die Frage, mit welchen Methoden und Kategorien Schrift und Schreiben analysiert werden können und worin sich die geschriebene Sprache medial von der gesprochenen unterscheidet. Zum anderen werden Einflüsse des Mediums Alphabetschrift auf die historische Entwicklung dieser Disziplinen nachgezeichnet und verschiedene Schrifttypen im Verhältnis zueinander beschrieben. Ausgangspunkt für die Beiträge waren die schrifttheoretischen Arbeiten Christian Stetters, insbesondere seine Thesen, dass die Alphabetschrift nicht als eine Art Lautschrift zu begreifen sei, und dass die spezifischen Eigenschaften dieses Schrifttyps zur Genese formaler Sprachbetrachtung in Sprachwissenschaft und Philosophie entscheidend beigetragen haben. In den Beiträgen des Bandes werden Schwierigkeiten der Orthographie-Reform ebenso reflektiert wie didaktische Kontroversen zum Schriftspracherwerb, die Pragmatik des Schreibens ebenso wie die Ästhetik unterschiedlicher Schriftarten. The volume brings together papers on new developments in the theory of writing systems, above all from the perspectives of linguistics, philosophy, media theory and language education. Firstly there is the question of the methods and categories used for analysing writing, and how written language as a medium is different from spoken language. Secondly, the influences of alphabetic scripts on the historical development of these disciplines are traced, and various types of writing system are described in relation to each other. The starting point for the contributors was Christian Stetter's work on the theory of written language, especially his theses that alphabetic script is not to be seen as a kind of phonetic script and that the specific characteristics of this writing system have had a decisive influence on the genesis of formal language reflection in linguistics and philosophy. The papers in the volume reflect on the difficulties of spelling reform and on didactic controversies around the acquisition of written language, on the pragmatics of writing and on the aesthetics of various types of script.

Philosophy of language --- Writing --- Language and languages --Philosophy. --- Written communication. --- Language and languages --- Written communication --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Philosophy --- 801.7 --- Taalkundige semiotiek --- 801.7 Taalkundige semiotiek --- Written discourse --- Written language --- Communication --- Discourse analysis --- Visual communication --- Alphabet --- Linguistics --- Philosophy. --- History. --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Hieroglyphics --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Transliteration --- History of Writing. --- Media Theory. --- Orthography. --- Écriture --- Philosophie --- Histoire

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Alphabet --- Writing --- Inscriptions, Ancient --- History --- History. --- 003.332 --- 003.341 --- -Inscriptions, Ancient --- -Writing --- -Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Ancient inscriptions --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- Semitische schriften --- Grieks schrift --- -Semitische schriften --- 003.341 Grieks schrift --- 003.332 Semitische schriften --- -003.341 Grieks schrift --- Chirography --- Alphabet - History --- Writing - History --- Inscriptions, Ancient - Middle East