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This book explores the achievements and obstacles confronting China and major Latin American countries in developing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of new changes in “The Belt and Road” Initiative. In the first three chapters, the Chinese authors elaborate on the relationship between “The Belt and Road” Initiative and globalization, as well as strategies towards forming an increasingly close bond between China and Latin America. The book ends with chapters dedicated to analyzing the BRI conditions and effects on SMEs of Latin-American countries. These country specific chapters will show the specific opportunities and challenges the countries conditions, be they political, geological, etc. may have on the development of SMEs under the BRI. The book will be useful not only to industry leaders looking to better understand how they can potentially benefit from the BRI but also by the general public, as the book will explain what this new era of globalization, and more specifically the BRI, will mean for the world’s industries and society. Yihai Li is Secretary-General of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Think Tank Foundation (SASS-TTF), Vice Chairman of the Centre for Think Tank Studies, Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the International Center for Security and Crisis Management (SCM), and Secretary General of the Shanghai Center for Cultural Studies. Phd. Anibal Carlos Zottele Allende is Director of the China-Veracruz Studies Center (CECHIVER) of the Veracruz University, Director of the magazine Orientando, Professor and researcher of the Veracruz University, Technical Secretary of the Mexican Consortium of APEC Study Centers (CONMEX-CEAPEC) and Honorary advisor and president of the Veracruz Chapter of the Chamber of Commerce of Mexico in China (MEXCHAM).

Latin America—Economic conditions. --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- Economic development—Environmental aspects. --- Latin American and Caribbean Economics. --- Asian Economics. --- Development and Sustainability. --- Economic development --- Small business

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“One of the definite merits of this book is to cleverly mix a theoretical breakthrough with a meticulous historical and empirical account of the transformations of some key Latin American countries. First, it is at the frontier of a research agenda initiated back to the end of the 1970s, second it clearly distinguishes between an ideal-type approach and the complexity of any specific national configuration and its transformation in history. Furthermore, the author provides decisive arguments against a pure economic determinism too frequently supposed to govern institutions building and reforms. Last but not least, the book culminates by an impressive analysis of the crises that quite any Latin America society experiences at the end the 2010s.” -Robert Boyer, Institut des Amériques, Paris, France. This book defends the idea that there are significant structural and institutional differences between the countries in Latin America. Building off the results of a four-year research project, Bizberg argues against the idea that in Latin America there is one single type of capitalism—a hierarchical one—that is entangled in a vicious cycle. Rather, there are clusters of countries that have had similar historical trajectories, analogous structures, or comparable reactions to changes to the world economy, but have not all followed the same mode of development. Just as analysts have found a variety of capitalisms in developed countries, it is possible to identify the emergence of different types of capitalism in Latin America since the 1980s debt crisis. These varieties of capitalism are defined according to categories—including the articulation to the world economy, the role of the State, the structure of the political system and the action of civil society—which give rise to distinct wage relations, comprising the industrial relations system and the welfare regime.

Capitalism --- Economics. --- Latin America—Economic conditions. --- Political Economy/Economic Systems. --- Latin American and Caribbean Economics. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economic policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy

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This book challenges the wide-ranging generalizations that dominate the literature on the impact of export-led growth upon Latin America during the first export era. The contributors to this volume contest conventional approaches, stemming from structuralism and dependency theory, which portray a rather negative view of the impact of nineteenth-century globalization upon Latin America. It has been considered that, as a result of the role of Latin American countries as providers of raw materials produced in enclaves dominated by foreign capital, their participation in the world economy has had adverse consequences for their long-term development. This volume addresses a representative sample of countries with varied initial conditions and resource endowments, a diverse productive specialization, as well as different degrees of integration to the world economy. This allows a direct comparison among the different experiences within the region, which in turn enables a more nuanced understanding of the contribution of exports to economic growth and economic modernization. Eight national case studies are presented – Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Uruguay – which offer an insight into the successes of a region traditionally viewed as disadvantaged by globalization and export-led growth.

Latin America --- Economic history. --- Development economics. --- Economics. --- Economic History. --- Latin American History. --- Latin American Politics. --- Latin American and Caribbean Economics. --- Development Economics. --- Politics and government. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Latin America—History. --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Latin America—Economic conditions. --- Latin America—Politics and government. --- America --- American Politics. --- Latin American/Caribbean Economics. --- History. --- Economic conditions.

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This book describes the main patterns and trends of drug trafficking in Latin America and analyzes its political, economic and social effects on several countries over the last twenty years. Its aim is to provide readers an introductory yet elaborate text on the illegal drug problem in the region. It first seeks to define and measure the problem, and then discusses some of the implications that the growth of production, trafficking, and consumption of illegal drugs had in the economies, in the social fabrics, and in the domestic and international policies of Latin American countries. This book analyzes the illegal drugs problem from a Latin American perspective. Although there is a large literature and research on drug use and trade in the USA, Canada, Europe and the Far East, little is understood on the impact of narcotics in countries that have supplied a large share of the drugs used worldwide. This work explores how routes into Europe and the USA are developed, why the so-called drug cartels exist in the region, what level of profits illegal drugs generate, how such gains are distributed among producers, traffickers, and dealers and how much they make, why violence spread in certain places but not in others, and which alternative policies were taken to address the growing challenges posed by illegal drugs. With a strong empirical foundation based on the best available data, Illegal Drugs, Drug Trafficking and Violence in Latin America explains how rackets in the region built highly profitable enterprises transshipping and smuggling drugs northbound and why the large circulation of drugs also produced the emergence of vibrant domestic markets, which doubled the number of drug users in the region the last 10 years. It presents the best available information for 18 countries, and the final two chapters analyze in depth two rather different case studies: Mexico and Argentina.

Drug traffic --- Latin America --- Organized crime. --- Criminology and Criminal Justice. --- Trafficking. --- International Security Studies. --- Latin American and Caribbean Economics. --- Organized Crime. --- Latin American Politics. --- Politics and government. --- Transnational crime. --- Security, International. --- Latin America—Economic conditions. --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Multinational crime --- Transborder crime --- Crime --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Collective security --- International security --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- Latin America—Politics and government.

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This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last decades a new phenomenon has renewed these researchers’ interest in the country: while the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.

Latin America—Economic conditions. --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Latin American and Caribbean Economics. --- Latin American Politics. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Latin America—Politics and government. --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Equality.