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This master thesis relates to the development of a latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) model and the validation against experimental measurement data. Two 2D numeric models based on the ThermoCycle Modelica library using diff erent model approaches have been established: A white-box discretized and a grey-box single-node model have been developed. The models account for the temperature dependence of all material properties of phase change material (PCM), storage and heat transfer fluid (HTF). Validation of both models based on experimental data from a LHTES labscaled prototype with partial and full charging and discharging has been performed. The statistical analysis proved the validity and usefulness of the model parameter sets. Di fferences between both models in terms of estimated parameters, relative errors and simulation times are presented and analysed. After the optimized model parameters have been found, the validated discretized white-box PCM storage model is integrated in a practical application to improve the overall system e ciency. The application scenario consists in a concentrated solar power (CSP) biomass combined heat and power (CHP) system based on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology developed in the framework of the EU founded BRICKER project. The PCM storage is introduced to the solar field in order to maximize the solar generated energy and hence reduce the biomass consummation. A comparison with a thermocline storage concludes this work.

Latent heat storage --- phase change material --- numerical model --- Bricker --- CSP-biomass --- PCM-storage --- Modelica --- ThermoCyle --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie

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To increase the efficiency of energy-intensive industrial processes, thermal energy storages can offer new possibilities. In recent years, especially latent heat thermal energy storages, exploiting the high energy density of phase change material (PCM), are becoming widely applied in industry. A novel approach is investigated in the project HyStEPs, funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) with grant number 868842. In this concept, containers filled with PCM are placed at the shell surface of a Ruths steam storage, to increase storage efficiency. In this work, a two-dimensional model using the finite element method is developed to simulate the PCM of the hybrid storage as designed in the HyStEPs project. The apparent heat capacity method is applied in a MATLAB implementation, considering heat transfer by both conduction and natural convection. This successfully validated code can handle any desired layout of materials arranged on a rectangular domain. Furthermore, a parameter study of different dimensions and orientations of the PCM cavity was conducted. The impact of natural convection was found to lead to significantly varying behaviour of the studied cavities with different orientation during the charging process, while it was found to be negligible during the discharging process.

Energy conversion & storage --- Heat transfer processes --- Thermodynamics & heat --- Computer modelling & simulation --- latent heat storage --- hybrid storage --- finite element method --- phase change --- numerical modeling

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Thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is a research topic that has attracted much attention in recent decades. This is mainly due to the potential use of PCMs as latent storage media in a large variety of applications. Although many kinds of PCMs are already commercial products, advanced materials with improved properties and new latent storage concepts are required to better meet the specific requirements of different applications. Moreover, the development of common validation procedures for PCMs is an important issue that should be addressed in order to achieve commercial deployment and implementation of these kinds of materials in latent storage systems. The key subjects addressed on the five papers included in this Special Issue are related to methodologies for material selection, PCM validation and assessment procedures, innovative approaches of PCM applications together with simulation and testing of latent storage prototypes.

Technology: general issues --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- phase change material (PCM) --- heating and cooling --- material selection --- selection methodology --- heat transfer --- high power --- latent heat --- energy storage --- heat exchanger --- lithium-ion battery --- thermal management --- phase change material --- temperature --- heat dissipation fins --- capacity --- phase change materials (PCM) --- latent heat storage --- degradation --- thermal cycling stability --- stable supercooling --- latent heat thermal storage --- pcm --- 0D dynamic model --- multi-energy system --- district heating --- thermal network --- n/a

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Thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is a research topic that has attracted much attention in recent decades. This is mainly due to the potential use of PCMs as latent storage media in a large variety of applications. Although many kinds of PCMs are already commercial products, advanced materials with improved properties and new latent storage concepts are required to better meet the specific requirements of different applications. Moreover, the development of common validation procedures for PCMs is an important issue that should be addressed in order to achieve commercial deployment and implementation of these kinds of materials in latent storage systems. The key subjects addressed on the five papers included in this Special Issue are related to methodologies for material selection, PCM validation and assessment procedures, innovative approaches of PCM applications together with simulation and testing of latent storage prototypes.

Technology: general issues --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- phase change material (PCM) --- heating and cooling --- material selection --- selection methodology --- heat transfer --- high power --- latent heat --- energy storage --- heat exchanger --- lithium-ion battery --- thermal management --- phase change material --- temperature --- heat dissipation fins --- capacity --- phase change materials (PCM) --- latent heat storage --- degradation --- thermal cycling stability --- stable supercooling --- latent heat thermal storage --- pcm --- 0D dynamic model --- multi-energy system --- district heating --- thermal network

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There is increasingly intensive research for energy storage technologies development due to the enhanced energy needs of the contemporary societies. Increased global energy consumption results in the reduction in the availability of traditional energy resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systems development based on the conversion and storage of sustainable and clean energy. Phase change materials (PCMs) are one of the key components for the development of advanced sustainable solutions in renewable energy and engineering systems. In order to update the field of renewable energy and engineering systems with the use of PCMs, a Special Issue entitled “Phase Change Materials: Design and Applications” is introduced. This book gathers and reviews the collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), with authors from Europe, Asia and Americam accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Applied Sciences.

phase change materials --- thermal energy storage --- energy efficiency --- building applications --- construction materials --- phase-change material --- dispersion --- thermal-mechanical stability --- viscosity --- supercooling --- nucleating agent --- cold storage --- battery cooling --- LPMO --- Fourier Transform ac Voltammetry (FTacV) --- cyclic voltammetry --- Direct Electron Transfer (DET) --- lathrate hydrate --- tetrabutylammonium acrylate (TBAAc) --- crystal growth --- ultrasonic vibration --- polyurethane elastomers --- microencapsulated PCMs --- thermal properties --- mechanical properties --- phase change material --- sugar alcohol --- erythritol --- latent heat storage --- thermal stability --- degradation kinetics --- PCM --- mini-channels --- air --- melting --- solidification --- latent heat thermal energy storage --- phase change materials (PCM) --- macro-encapsulation --- rectangular slab --- experimental study --- sodium nitrate --- thermal conductivity --- microencapsulation --- latent heat --- multicriteria decision --- finite element --- automotive --- energy storage --- n/a