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Book
How the internet became commercial : innovation, privatization, and the birth of a new network
Author:
ISBN: 0691167362 0691178399 1400874297 9780691167367 Year: 2015 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

In less than a decade, the Internet went from being a series of loosely connected networks used by universities and the military to the powerful commercial engine it is today. This book describes how many of the key innovations that made this possible came from entrepreneurs and iconoclasts who were outside the mainstream-and how the commercialization of the Internet was by no means a foregone conclusion at its outset.Shane Greenstein traces the evolution of the Internet from government ownership to privatization to the commercial Internet we know today. This is a story of innovation from the edges. Greenstein shows how mainstream service providers that had traditionally been leaders in the old-market economy became threatened by innovations from industry outsiders who saw economic opportunities where others didn't-and how these mainstream firms had no choice but to innovate themselves. New models were tried: some succeeded, some failed. Commercial markets turned innovations into valuable products and services as the Internet evolved in those markets. New business processes had to be created from scratch as a network originally intended for research and military defense had to deal with network interconnectivity, the needs of commercial users, and a host of challenges with implementing innovative new services.How the Internet Became Commercial demonstrates how, without any central authority, a unique and vibrant interplay between government and private industry transformed the Internet.

Keywords

Entrepreneurship. --- Telecommunication --- Information technology --- Internet industry --- Internet --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- DARPA Internet --- Internet (Computer network) --- Wide area networks (Computer networks) --- World Wide Web --- Computer industry --- Technological innovations. --- Economic aspects. --- History. --- Internet - Economic aspects --- Internet industry - History --- Information technology - Economic aspects --- Telecommunication - Technological innovations --- Advertising. --- At Best. --- Auction. --- Bidding. --- Bulletin board. --- Business partner. --- Business process. --- CIX. --- Commercial Internet eXchange. --- Commercialization of the Internet. --- Commercialization. --- Compaq. --- Competitive advantage. --- CompuServe. --- Computer network. --- Computer scientist. --- Computer. --- Computing. --- Customer. --- Designer. --- Dial-up Internet access. --- Domain name. --- Dot-com bubble. --- E-commerce. --- Economics. --- Email. --- Employment. --- Engineering. --- Expense. --- Forecasting. --- Funding. --- Governance. --- HTML. --- Household. --- IBM. --- Illustration. --- Information technology. --- Infrastructure. --- Insider. --- Institution. --- Intel. --- Interconnection. --- Internet Explorer. --- Internet Society. --- Internet access. --- Investor. --- Killer application. --- Larry Page. --- Local area network. --- MCI Inc. --- Market value. --- Marketing. --- Mass market. --- Microsoft. --- Modem. --- Mosaic (web browser). --- National Science Foundation. --- Netscape. --- NetworKing. --- Network Solutions. --- Network effect. --- Operating system. --- PSINet. --- Participant. --- Personal computer. --- Pricing. --- Privatization. --- Procurement. --- Programmer. --- Reputation. --- Requirement. --- Research and development. --- Retail. --- Server (computing). --- Shareware. --- Software. --- Standardization. --- Startup company. --- Stephen Wolff. --- Subsidy. --- Supply (economics). --- Technology. --- Telecommunication. --- Telephone company. --- Tim Berners-Lee. --- UUNET. --- Unix. --- Value chain. --- Vendor. --- Venture capital. --- Viral marketing. --- Web page. --- Website. --- Wi-Fi. --- Wide Variety. --- Windows 95. --- World Wide Web Consortium. --- World Wide Web. --- Writing.


Book
"You are not expected to understand this" : how 26 lines of code changed the world
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9780691230818 0691230811 9780691208480 0691208484 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press

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"Everything from law enforcement to space exploration relies on code written by people who, at the time, made choices and assumptions that would have long-lasting, profound implications for society. Torie Bosch brings together many of today’s leading technology experts to provide new perspectives on the code that shapes our lives. Contributors discuss a host of topics, such as how university databases were programmed long ago to accept only two genders, what the person who programmed the very first pop-up ad was thinking at the time, the first computer worm, the Bitcoin white paper, and perhaps the most famous seven words in Unix history: “You are not expected to understand this.” This compelling book tells the human stories behind programming, enabling those of us who don’t think much about code to recognize its importance, and those who work with it every day to better understand the long-term effects of the decisions they make. With an introduction by Ellen Ullman and contributions by Mahsa Alimardani, Elena Botella, Meredith Broussard, David Cassel, Arthur Daemmrich, Charles Duan, Quinn DuPont, Claire L. Evans, Hany Farid, James Grimmelmann, Katie Hafner, Susan C. Herring, Syeda Gulshan Ferdous Jana, Lowen Liu, John MacCormick, Brian McCullough, Charlton McIlwain, Lily Hay Newman, Margaret O’Mara, Will Oremus, Nick Partridge, Benjamin Pope, Joy Lisi Rankin, Afsaneh Rigot, Ellen R. Stofan, Lee Vinsel, Josephine Wolff, and Ethan Zuckerman." -- Publisher's description.

Keywords

Computer programming --- Computer science --- COMPUTERS / Programming / General. --- Social aspects --- ARPANET. --- Addition. --- Advertising. --- Adviser. --- Amplitude. --- Analogy. --- Association for Computing Machinery. --- Attendance. --- Binary number. --- Black people. --- COBOL. --- Capability. --- Censorship. --- Certificate authority. --- Charles Babbage. --- Collaboration. --- Communication. --- Computation. --- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. --- Computer. --- Computing. --- Consideration. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Data processing system. --- Debug (command). --- Detection. --- Digital Equipment Corporation. --- Edsger W. Dijkstra. --- Ellen Ullman. --- Email. --- Espionage. --- Fake news. --- Flight controller. --- Fortran. --- Fragility. --- GLIMPSE. --- Gravity well. --- Hidden Figures. --- Hyperlink. --- Identifier. --- Imagination. --- Infrasound. --- Ingenuity. --- Instrumentation. --- Intermediary. --- JPEG. --- Jacquard loom. --- Kapton. --- Katie Hafner. --- Larry Page. --- Law enforcement. --- Low-budget film. --- Magnetic field. --- Malware. --- Mathematician. --- Michael Mandiberg. --- Molecule. --- Morris worm. --- Nickname. --- Operating system. --- Orbital eccentricity. --- PDP-1. --- PL/I. --- Password. --- Perforated paper. --- Personalization. --- Pixel. --- Plumbing. --- Pollution. --- Pop-up ad. --- Popularity. --- Prediction. --- Process control. --- Profanity. --- Programmer. --- Programming language. --- Publication. --- Ray Tomlinson. --- Risk assessment. --- Screenshot. --- Server (computing). --- Shortage. --- Sobriquet. --- Software. --- Source lines of code. --- Spacecraft. --- Spacewar (video game). --- Spamming. --- Surveillance. --- System administrator. --- TX-0. --- Technology. --- Telegraphy. --- Teleprinter. --- The Misunderstanding. --- Thought. --- Unemployment. --- Unix. --- Verb. --- Vulnerability (computing). --- Informatics --- Science --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic data processing --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Programming --- Sociology of knowledge --- COMPUTERS / Programming / General --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Technology Studies


Book
The diversity bonus : how great teams pay off in the knowledge economy
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 0691193827 Year: 2019 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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How businesses and other organizations can improve their performance by tapping the power of differences in how people thinkWhat if workforce diversity is more than simply the right thing to do? What if it can also improve the bottom line? It can. The Diversity Bonus shows how and why. Scott Page, a leading thinker, writer, and speaker whose ideas and advice are sought after by corporations, nonprofits, universities, and governments, makes a clear and compelling practical case for diversity and inclusion. He presents overwhelming evidence that teams that include different kinds of thinkers outperform homogenous groups on complex tasks, producing what he calls "diversity bonuses." These bonuses include improved problem solving, increased innovation, and more accurate predictions-all of which lead to better results. Drawing on research in economics, psychology, computer science, and many other fields, The Diversity Bonus also tells the stories of businesses and organizations that have tapped the power of diversity to solve complex problems. The result changes the way we think about diversity at work-and far beyond.

Keywords

Diversity in the workplace. --- Teams in the workplace. --- Personnel management. --- Knowledge economy. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Advertising. --- Affirmative action. --- African Americans. --- Americans. --- Analogy. --- Analytics. --- Asian Americans. --- Asset management. --- Biology. --- Board of directors. --- Boeing. --- Business case. --- Calculation. --- Career. --- Categorization. --- Causality. --- Classroom. --- Collaboration. --- Collective intelligence. --- Competition. --- Computer scientist. --- Cross-functional team. --- Customer. --- Decision-making. --- Demography. --- Economist. --- Effectiveness. --- Empirical evidence. --- Employment. --- Engineering. --- Ensemble learning. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Estimation. --- Explanation. --- Finding. --- Fluid and crystallized intelligence. --- Forecasting. --- Fortune 500. --- Gender diversity. --- Grutter v. Bollinger. --- Harvard University. --- Heuristic. --- Hidden Figures. --- Human resources. --- Income. --- Inference. --- Institution. --- Intelligence analysis. --- Intersectionality. --- Knowledge base. --- Larry Page. --- Majority minority. --- Marketing. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Meritocracy. --- Microsoft. --- Mission statement. --- National Science Foundation. --- Netflix. --- New York University. --- Obesity. --- Organization. --- Organizational culture. --- Participant. --- Percentage. --- Philosopher. --- Political science. --- Prediction. --- Predictive modelling. --- Probability. --- Problem solving. --- Product design. --- Profession. --- Quality control. --- Quartile. --- Race (human categorization). --- Restaurant. --- Result. --- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. --- Rule of thumb. --- Scientist. --- Sexual orientation. --- Social issue. --- Social science. --- State of the World (book series). --- Supply chain. --- Team composition. --- Technology. --- Theorem. --- Tool. --- Trade-off. --- Tradecraft. --- University of Michigan. --- Wealth. --- Weighting. --- Workforce. --- Workplace.


Book
Along came Google : a history of library digitization
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0691224374 0691208034 0691172714 9780691208039 9780691172712 9780691224374 Year: 2021 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press

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An incisive history of the controversial Google Books project and the ongoing quest for a universal digital library. Libraries have long talked about providing comprehensive access to information for everyone. But when Google announced in 2004 that it planned to digitize books to make the world's knowledge accessible to all, questions were raised about the roles and responsibilities of libraries, the rights of authors and publishers, and whether a powerful corporation should to be the conveyor of such a fundamental public good. Along Came Google traces the history of Google's book digitization project and its implications for us today. Deanna Marcum and Roger Schonfeld draw on in-depth interviews with those who both embraced and resisted Google's plans, from librarians and technologists to university leaders, tech executives, and the heads of leading publishing houses. They look at earlier digital initiatives to provide open access to knowledge, and describe how Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page made the case for a universal digital library and drew on their company's considerable financial resources to make it a reality. Marcum and Schonfeld examine how librarians and scholars organized a legal response to Google, and reveals the missed opportunities when a settlement with the tech giant failed. Along Came Google sheds light on the transformational effects of the Google Books project on scholarship and discusses how we can continue to think imaginatively and collaboratively about advancing the widespread digital availability of knowledge.

Keywords

Google. --- Google --- 09 <08> --- 681.3*I41 --- 681.3*I41 Digitization; quantization; sampling; scanning (Image processing) --- Digitization; quantization; sampling; scanning (Image processing) --- 09 <08> Handschriften. Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Curiosa--Verzamelwerken. Reeksen--Boekwetenschap. Sociale aspecten van het boek. Boek en media. Toekomst van het boek --- Handschriften. Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Curiosa--Verzamelwerken. Reeksen--Boekwetenschap. Sociale aspecten van het boek. Boek en media. Toekomst van het boek --- Book acquisition --- Library automation --- Information systems --- library science --- digitizing --- Google [Mountain View, Calif.] --- Digitization. --- Numérisation --- Documentation de bibliothèque --- Libraries --- Library materials --- Academic journal. --- Academic library. --- Academic publishing. --- Advertising. --- Alumnus. --- American Memory. --- Archivist. --- Artstor. --- Association of American Publishers. --- Association of Research Libraries. --- Author. --- Bibliography. --- Book. --- Brewster Kahle. --- Business model. --- Business plan. --- Cataloging. --- Center for Research Libraries. --- Clifford Lynch. --- Collaboration. --- Computer scientist. --- Consideration. --- Copyright. --- Criticism. --- Digital Library Federation. --- Digital Public Library of America. --- Digital library. --- Digital preservation. --- Dissemination. --- E-book. --- Ecosystem. --- Electronic publishing. --- Elsevier. --- European Library. --- Europeana. --- Executive director. --- Funding. --- Google Books. --- Government agency. --- Harvard University. --- HathiTrust. --- Henriette Avram. --- Historical society. --- Infrastructure. --- Institute of Museum and Library Services. --- Institution. --- Intellectual property. --- Internet Archive. --- JSTOR. --- John Palfrey. --- Larry Page. --- Librarian of Congress. --- Librarian. --- Librarians. --- Library acquisitions. --- Library of Congress. --- Library science. --- Library. --- Manuscript. --- Microsoft. --- Monograph. --- National Endowment for the Humanities. --- National library. --- Newsletter. --- Newspaper. --- Non-disclosure agreement. --- Nonprofit organization. --- OCLC. --- Open Content Alliance. --- Outreach. --- Paul Courant. --- Philanthropy. --- Preprint. --- Princeton University Press. --- ProQuest. --- Processing (programming language). --- PubMed Central. --- Public library. --- Publication. --- Publishing. --- Purchasing. --- Requirement. --- Research Libraries Group. --- Scholarly communication. --- Scientific journal. --- Scientific literature. --- Sergey Brin. --- Special collections. --- Technology company. --- Technology. --- The Google Book. --- The New York Times. --- Thought. --- United States National Library of Medicine. --- Universal library. --- Vendor. --- Website. --- World Digital Library. --- WorldCat. --- Writing. --- Numérisation --- Documentation de bibliothèque

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