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Recounts and evaluates the worldwide effort to ban landmines.

Land mine victims. --- Arms control --- Land mines (International law) --- Landmine victims --- War victims --- Security, International --- Arms race --- Disarmament --- Military readiness --- International law --- International cooperation.

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This work advances the proposition that traditional ‘top down’ politics is being challenged by grass-roots, civil society based ‘bottom up’ politics in that most sensitive areas, the national security/arms control dichotomy. The book uses the example of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), that has succeeded in reversing or altering the national policies on landmines in over 130 countries globally. The book cites the efforts of what the author calls ‘moral entrepreneurs’, that is people who have adopted the risk-taking characteristics of business and social leaders to bring this state of affairs about. As a new polity that challenges old assumptions about the state’s preserve in matters of national security and moral force, the ICBL has set the benchmark for a fresh, twenty-first century paradigm in arms control.

Land mines (International law) --- Arms control --- Land mine victims. --- International law --- Landmine victims --- War victims --- Security, International --- Arms race --- Disarmament --- Military readiness --- Citizen participation. --- International Campaign to Ban Landmines. --- ICBL --- Kāpāyin-i Jahānī-i Mubārazah ʻAlayh-i Māyin --- کامپاين جهانى مبارزه عليه ماين

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has become one of the key technologies in subsurface sensing and, in general, in non-destructive testing (NDT), since it is able to detect both metallic and nonmetallic targets. GPR for NDT has been successfully introduced in a wide range of sectors, such as mining and geology, glaciology, civil engineering and civil works, archaeology, and security and defense. In recent decades, improvements in georeferencing and positioning systems have enabled the introduction of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques in GPR systems, yielding GPR–SAR systems capable of providing high-resolution microwave images. In parallel, the radiofrequency front-end of GPR systems has been optimized in terms of compactness (e.g., smaller Tx/Rx antennas) and cost. These advances, combined with improvements in autonomous platforms, such as unmanned terrestrial and aerial vehicles, have fostered new fields of application for GPR, where fast and reliable detection capabilities are demanded. In addition, processing techniques have been improved, taking advantage of the research conducted in related fields like inverse scattering and imaging. As a result, novel and robust algorithms have been developed for clutter reduction, automatic target recognition, and efficient processing of large sets of measurements to enable real-time imaging, among others. This Special Issue provides an overview of the state of the art in GPR imaging, focusing on the latest advances from both hardware and software perspectives.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) --- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- Real Time Kinematic (RTK) --- Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) --- landmine and IED detection --- non-destructive testing --- GPR --- coherence --- semblance --- attribute analysis --- imaging --- GPR trace --- high-resolution data --- large-scale survey --- archaeological prospection --- Ground-Penetrating Radar --- velocity analysis --- coherency functionals --- GPR data processing --- GPR data migration --- spatial-variant convolution neural network (SV-CNN) --- spatial-variant convolution kernel (SV-CK) --- radar image enhancing --- MIMO radar --- neural networks --- imaging radar --- ground penetrating radar --- wavelet scattering network --- machine learning --- support vector machine --- pipeline identification --- snow --- snow water equivalent (SWE) --- stepped-frequency continuous wave radar (SFCW) --- software defined radio (SDR) --- snowpack multilayer reflectance --- Ground Penetrating Radar --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- landmine --- Improvised Explosive Device --- radar --- noise attenuation --- Gaussian spike impulse noise --- deep convolutional denoising autoencoders (CDAEs) --- deep convolutional denoising autoencoders with network structure optimization (CDAEsNSO) --- applied geophysics --- digital signal processing --- enhancement of 3D-GPR datasets --- clutter noise removal --- spectral filtering --- ground-penetrating radar --- nondestructive testing --- pipelines detection --- modeling --- signal processing --- n/a

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What happens when a Predator drone has as much autonomy as a Google car ? Although it sounds like science fiction, the technology to create weapons that could hunt and destroy targets on their own already exists. The author, a leading expert in emerging weapons technologies, draws on incisive research and firsthand experience to explore how increasingly autonomous weapons are changing warfare. This far-ranging investigation examines the emergence of fully autonomous weapons, the movement to ban them, and the legal and ethical issues surrounding their use. The author spotlights the role of artificial intelligence in military technology, spanning decades of innovation from German noise-seeking Wren torpedoes in World War II (antecedents of today's armed drones) to autonomous cyber weapons. At the forefront of a game-changing debate, this book engages military history, global policy, and bleeding-edge science to explore what it would mean to give machines authority over the ultimate decision : life or death.

MILITARY ROBOTS--MORAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS --- ROBOTICS--MILITARY APPLICATIONS --- BPB1904 --- Armement --- Robotisation --- Nouvelle technologie --- Arme antipersonnel --- Guerre --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- pretkājnieku ieroči --- arma antipessoal --- antipersonella vapen --- armă antipersonal --- priešpėstinis ginklas --- jalkaväkiaseet --- противпешадиско оружје --- arma antipersonas --- protipěchotní zbraň --- anti-personnel weapon --- jalaväevastane relv --- оръжия за поразяване на жива сила --- antipersoneel(s)mijn --- mini kontra l-persuni --- оружје против лица --- arma antiuomo --- broń przeciwpiechotna --- gyalogság elleni fegyver --- personelvåben --- Anti-Personen-Waffe --- protupješačko oružje --- armë kundër njerëzve --- zbraň proti ľuďom --- όπλα κατά προσωπικού --- protipehotno orožje --- žemės mina --- mine antipersonnel --- mine antipersonnel terrestre --- противпешадиска мина --- нагазна мина --- jalaväevastane miin --- truppmina --- mina antipersona --- nášľapná mína --- gyalogsági akna --- νάρκες κατά προσωπικού --- pozemná mína --- taposóakna --- henkilömiina --- mina antipessoal --- противопехотна мина --- land mine --- zemeljska mina --- mine terrestre --- APL --- mina przeciwpiechotna --- мина --- jalaväemiin --- χερσαία νάρκη --- anti-personnel mine --- antipersonella landminor --- mina lądowa --- landmina --- mina --- anti-personnel landmine --- Landmine --- personelmine --- personmina --- landmijn --- minë kundër njeriut --- gyalogsági fegyver --- maamiina --- mina antipersonas --- protupješačka mina --- mină antipersonal --- mina antiuomo --- minë toke kundër njeriut --- pretkājnieku mīna --- protipěchotní mina --- mina terrestre --- nášlapná mina --- MKNJ --- maamiin --- mină terestră --- minë toke --- сухопътна мина --- pozemní mina --- protipehotna mina --- nagazna mina --- APM --- landmine --- arme antipersonal --- jalkaväkimiina --- priešpėstinė mina --- new technology --- nieuwe technologie --- ny teknik --- új technológia --- нова технология --- nowe technologie --- jauna tehnoloģija --- nuova tecnologia --- nova tecnologia --- nová technológia --- nueva tecnología --- teknologji e re --- nová technologie --- uus tehnoloogia --- uusi teknologia --- tehnologie avansată --- neue Technologie --- teknoloġija ġdida --- нова технологија --- νέες τεχνολογίες --- nova tehnologija --- ny teknologi --- naujoji technologija --- moderná technológia --- alta tecnologia --- Spitzentechnologie --- neuartige Technologie --- tecnología avanzada --- technique de pointe --- fejlett technológia --- advanced technology --- Hightech --- advanced technique --- kõrgtehnoloogia --- avanceret teknik --- alta tecnología --- progresivní technologie --- high-tech --- korszerű technika --- forkantteknologi --- teknikë e përparuar --- arenenud tehnoloogia --- spetsteknik --- špičková technika --- högt utvecklad teknik --- hoch entwickelte Technik --- arenenud tehnika --- high technology --- technologie avancée --- tecnologia de ponta --- висока технологија --- tecnologia di punta --- tecnica d'avanguardia --- avancerad teknik --- tecnologia nova --- geavanceerde technologie --- tecnología punta --- csúcstechnológia --- napredna tehnologija --- hoogontwikkelde technologie --- tecnica di punta --- speerpunttechnologie --- kehittynyt teknologia --- högteknologi --- teknologji e lartë --- τεχνολογία αιχμής --- pažangioji technika --- напредна технологија --- attīstīta tehnoloģija --- korkea teknologia --- højteknologi --- προηγμένη τεχνολογία --- technologie nouvelle --- augstās tehnoloģijas --- модерна технологија --- tehnică avansată --- haute technologie --- spitstechnologie --- tecnologia avanzata --- high tech --- aukštoji technologija --- attīstīta metode --- înaltă trhnologie --- spjutspetsteknik --- špičková technologie --- visoka tehnologija --- korszerű technológia --- moderná technika --- pažangioji technologija --- kehittynyt tekniikka --- fortgeschrittene Technologie --- tecnologia avançada --- hightech --- υψηλή τεχνολογία --- αυτοματοποίηση της παραγωγής --- robotizavimas --- robotointi --- robotización --- robotizzazione --- robotizácia --- Robotereinsatz --- robotizare --- robotyzacja --- robotizacija --- robotizzazzjoni --- robotiseerimine --- robotisering --- toepassen van robots --- robotisation --- роботизация --- robotizācija --- robotização --- robotizace --- роботизација --- robotizim --- robotizálás --- ρομποτοποίηση --- impiego di robot --- χρήση ρομπότ στην παραγωγή --- používání robotů --- användning av robotar --- robottien käyttö --- gamybos robotizavimas --- utilização de robots --- utilisation de robots --- robotization --- utilizarea roboților --- use of robots --- robotite kasutamine --- gebruik van robots --- robotų naudojimas --- robotų naudojimas gamyboje --- користење роботи --- robotu izmantošana --- využitie robotov --- përdorim i robotëve --- utilización de robots --- въоръжение --- воена опрема --- armament --- pajisje ushtarake --- fegyverzet --- military equipment --- armamento --- војна опрема --- vojna oprema --- vojenské vybavenie --- bewapening --- uzbrojenie --- vojaška oprema --- tagħmir militari --- karinė technika --- εξοπλισμοί --- militærmateriel --- militārais aprīkojums --- relvastus --- vojenské vybavení --- aseistus --- Bewaffnung --- militärmateriel --- vojenský materiál --- Waffe --- sotatarvikkeet --- ieroči --- bojové prostředky --- armamento convenzionale --- equipamento militar --- militārie materiāli --- material lufte --- ginkluotė --- оружје --- vojnový materiál --- material de guerra --- bruņojums --- fegyver --- ratni materijal --- armamento nucleare --- вооружување --- materiale militare --- wapen --- bevæbning --- στρατιωτικό υλικό --- sõjavarustus --- militärische Ausrüstung --- matériel de guerre --- Rüstung --- mijloace militare de luptă --- militair materieel --- materiale bellico --- equipaggiamento militare --- militärisches Material --- katonai felszerelés --- στρατιωτικά εφόδια --- vojni materijal --- πολεμικό υλικό --- karo technika --- armë --- aseet --- material militar --- zbraň --- militærudstyr --- Kriegsmaterial --- воено оружје --- matériel militaire --- relv --- arms --- corsa agli armamenti --- våben --- zbrane --- όπλα --- hadianyag --- equipo militar --- équipement militaire --- válečný materiál --- oružje --- equipamiento militar --- military material --- war material --- militaire uitrusting --- krigsmateriel --- naoružanje --- kolo zbrojení --- ginklas --- material ushtarak --- arma --- arme --- oorlogstuig --- závody ve zbrojení --- armamento strategico difensivo --- zbrojní arzenál --- weapon --- Rüstungsgüter --- armán frithphearsanra --- trealamh míleata --- cogadh --- nuatheicneolaíocht --- róbatú

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Modelling and simulation in acoustics is currently gaining importance. In fact, with the development and improvement of innovative computational techniques and with the growing need for predictive models, an impressive boost has been observed in several research and application areas, such as noise control, indoor acoustics, and industrial applications. This led us to the proposal of a special issue about “Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis in Acoustical Problems”, as we believe in the importance of these topics in modern acoustics’ studies. In total, 81 papers were submitted and 33 of them were published, with an acceptance rate of 37.5%. According to the number of papers submitted, it can be affirmed that this is a trending topic in the scientific and academic community and this special issue will try to provide a future reference for the research that will be developed in coming years.

noise barrier --- insertion loss --- vehicle frequencies --- diffraction --- flow speed --- Analytical solutions --- FDTD --- EMATs --- beam directivity --- perforate tube silencer --- transmission loss (TL) --- pressure loss --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- temperature --- air flow velocity --- graphical bilinear method --- seismic survey --- dynamic cone penetration test --- soil depth --- time-distance curve --- KZK equation --- fractional order derivative --- ultrasound hyperthermia --- HIFU --- acoustic simulation --- Kramers–Kronig relation --- stereo audio coding --- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) --- multi-frame --- Pyramid Vector Quantization (PVQ) --- bowel sound --- bowel motility --- automatic detection/evaluation --- power-normalized cepstral coefficients --- noncontact instrumentation --- acoustic localization --- cross array --- moving sound source --- discrete sampling --- error analysis --- open-air theatres --- acoustical measurements --- prediction models --- historical acoustics --- Direction of Arrival (DOA) --- time-frequency (TF) mask --- speech sparsity --- speech enhancement (SE) --- acoustic vector sensor (AVS) --- intelligent service robot --- voice generation --- multichannel electroglottograph --- larynx acoustics --- fingerprinting acoustic localization --- iterative interpolation --- K-Means clustering --- Two-stage matching --- Adjacent RPs --- dynamic tissue property --- Westervelt equation --- thermal damage zone --- submerged floating tunnel (SFT) --- mooring line --- coupled dynamics --- hydro-elastic responses --- wet natural frequencies --- mooring tension --- seismic excitation --- wave excitation --- seaquake --- thick annular circular plate --- Rayleigh integral --- finite element modeling --- rectangular and concentric stiffener patches --- taper ratio --- thickness variation --- MRI --- Zone Plates --- ultrasonic lenses --- piano playing --- vibrotactile feedback --- interaction --- musical performance --- auditory perception --- sensors --- actuators --- crack growth --- acoustic echo --- COSMO --- p-value --- l1-regularized RLS --- sparsity --- room impulse response --- total least squares --- regularization factor --- fluid-filled polyethylene (PE) pipeline --- noise control --- acoustic propagation --- cutoff phenomenon --- UWA communication --- channel modelling --- OFDM --- channel estimation --- simulation platform --- minimum variance distortionless response --- signal self-cancellation --- direction estimation --- underwater acoustic source --- spatial power spectrum --- cochlear implant --- coding strategy --- Fixed-Channel --- Channel-Picking --- vocoder simulation --- normal-hearing --- point mass --- parabolic thickness variation --- landmine detection --- lumped parameter model --- prodder --- resonance frequency --- noised-induced hearing loss --- powered surgical instruments --- ultrasonic aspirator --- transcanal endoscopic ear surgery --- balanced armature receiver --- lumped parameter method --- finite element method and Boundary element method --- focused transducer --- acoustic field --- nonuniform radiation distribution --- Bessel radiation distribution --- spherically curved uniform radiator --- rim radiation --- Lamb waves --- wooden constructions --- acoustics --- low frequency noise --- modelling --- ultrasonic guided waves --- SAFE --- rail defect detection --- mode excitation --- solid dielectrics --- acoustic emission --- artificial neural networks --- electrical treeing --- wavelets --- non-destructive testing --- high-voltage insulating systems --- boundary element method --- Helmholtz equation --- structural health monitoring --- mooring chain --- fatigue crack growth --- structural integrity --- n/a --- Kramers-Kronig relation