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Pour de nombreux urbanistes, il est important de contenir l’étalement urbain, qui est considéré comme à l’origine des coûts environnementaux et de la congestion. En revanche, beaucoup d’économistes attribuent des avantages à l’étalement urbain, qui permet par exemple aux ménages d’accéder à des logements plus grands et moins chers.  Cette Table Ronde examine les coûts et les avantages de l’étalement urbain, en mettant en évidence les liens qui existent entre forme urbaine et croissance économique. Elle étudie les arbitrages à faire quand on tente de contenir l’extension des villes. Les débats prennent appui sur des communications de Mme Elizabeth Deakin (UC Berkeley) et de MM. Matthew Kahn (Tufts University), Gilles Duranton (University of Toronto) et David Banister (University College London).

Cities and towns -- Growth -- Congresses. --- Economic development -- Congresses. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Infrastructure (Economics) -- Congresses. --- Land use -- Planning -- Congresses. --- Urban transportation -- Congresses. --- Cities and towns --- Land use --- Urban transportation --- Economic development --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Growth --- Planning

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This important addition to the technical literature of ecology is a storehouse of information on soil that includes inventories, material on databases, and details of policy developments. Soil may be just brown dirt to most people, but its sustained health is vital to the world’s ecosystems, and it is under threat as never before from contamination, degradation and salinization, among other issues. Yet soil is a precious resource: it is the essence of life, the location of innumerable chemical reactions, a filtration and nutritive system for water itself, and a versatile, if vulnerable, growing medium. Care is needed in looking after soil, since it renews itself only slowly. As the world’s population continues to expand, maintaining and indeed increasing agricultural productivity is more important than ever, though it is also more difficult than ever in the face of changing weather patterns that in some cases are leading to aridity and desertification. The absence of scientific soil inventories, especially in arid areas, leads to mistaken decisions about soil use that, in the end, reduce a region’s capacity to feed its population, or to guarantee a clean water supply. Greater efficiency in soil use is possible when these resources are properly classified using international standards. Focusing on arid regions, this volume details soil classification from many countries. It is only once this information is properly assimilated by policymakers it becomes a foundation for informed decisions in land use planning for rational and sustainable uses.

Land use -- Planning -- Congresses. --- Soils -- Classification -- Congresses. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Soils --- Land use --- Classification. --- Planning. --- Soil classification --- Soil types --- Planning --- Government policy --- Environment. --- Chemistry. --- Earth sciences. --- Computer graphics. --- Geography. --- Literacy. --- Environment, general. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Chemistry/Food Science, general. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Geography, general. --- Environmental sciences. --- Computer vision. --- Illiteracy --- Education --- General education --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Physical sciences --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Environmental science --- Science --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Optical equipment --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology