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In 1763 King George III of Great Britain, victorious in the Seven Years War with France, issued a proclamation to organize the governance of territory newly acquired by the Crown in North America and the Caribbean. The proclamation reserved land west of the Appalachian Mountains for Indians, and required the Crown to purchase Indian land through treaties, negotiated without coercion and in public, before issuing rights to newcomers to use and settle on the land. Marking its 250th anniversary Keeping Promises shows how central the application of the Proclamation is to the many treaties that followed it and the settlement and development of Canada. Promises have been made to Aboriginal peoples in historic treaties from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries in Ontario, the Prairies, and the Mackenzie Valley, and in modern treaties from the 1970s onward, primarily in the North. In this collection, essays by historians, lawyers, treaty negotiators, and Aboriginal leaders explore how and how well these treaties are executed. Addresses by the governor general of Canada and the federal minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development are also included. In 2003 Aboriginal leaders formed the Land Claims Agreements Coalition to make sure that treaties – building blocks of Canada – are fully implemented. Unique in breadth and scope, Keeping Promises is a testament to the research, advocacy, solidarity, and accomplishments of this coalition and those holding the Crown to its commitments.

Indians of North America --- Native peoples --- Aboriginal rights --- Native rights --- Aboriginal peoples --- Land claims, Native --- Native land claims --- Aboriginal land claims --- Land claims, Aboriginal --- Native land claim disputes --- Native land claims disputes --- Aboriginal land claim disputes --- Aboriginal land claims disputes --- Land claim disputes, Native --- Land claim disputes, Aboriginal --- Land claims disputes, Native --- Land claims disputes, Aboriginal --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Land tenure --- Claims. --- Civil rights --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Land titles --- Real property --- Culture --- Ethnology --- Aborigines --- Adivasis --- Indigenous populations --- Native races --- Indigenous land claims --- Land claims, Indigenous --- Indigenous land claim disputes --- Indigenous land claims disputes --- Land claim disputes, Indigenous --- Land claims disputes, Indigenous --- Claims --- Great Britain.

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An extensive body of literature on Indigenous knowledge and ways of knowing has been written since the 1980's. This research has for the most part been conducted by scholars operating within Western epistemological frameworks that tend not only to deny the subjectivity of knowledge but also to privilege masculine authority. As a result, the information gathered predominantly reflects the types of knowledge traditionally held by men, yielding a perspective that is at once gendered and incomplete. Even those academics, communities, and governments interested in consulting with Indigenous peoples for the purposes of planning, monitoring, and managing land use have largely ignored the knowledge traditionally produced, preserved, and transmitted by Indigenous women. While this omission reflects patriarchal assumptions, it may also be the result of the reductionist tendencies of researchers, who have attempted to organize Indigenous knowledge so as to align it with Western scientific categories, and of policy makers, who have sought to deploy such knowledge in the service of external priorities. Such efforts to apply Indigenous knowledge have had the effect of abstracting this knowledge from place as well as from the world view and community—and by extension the gender—to which it is inextricably connected. Living on the Land examines how patriarchy, gender, and colonialism have shaped the experiences of Indigenous women as both knowers and producers of knowledge. From a variety of methodological perspectives, contributors to the volume explore the nature and scope of Indigenous women’s knowledge, its rootedness in relationships both human and spiritual, and its inseparability from land and landscape. From the reconstruction of cultural and ecological heritage by Naskapi women in Québec to the medical expertise of Métis women in western Canada to the mapping and securing of land rights in Nicaragua, Living on the Land focuses on the integral role of women as stewards of the land and governors of the community. Together, these contributions point to a distinctive set of challenges and possibilities for Indigenous women and their communities.

Indigenous women. --- Place (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Aboriginal women --- Native women --- Women --- Treaties --- Arctic Studies --- Inuit --- United Nations --- Women's Studies --- Land Claims --- Nicaragua --- Feminist criticism --- Indigenous population --- Land ownership --- Patriarchy --- Sexism --- Food --- Images of women --- Book --- Ecology

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Indians of North America --- Indiens --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Indians of North America. --- Aboriginal Canadians --- Indian Act. --- Aboriginal rights. --- Mé́tis --- Ursprungsbefolkningar --- Culture. --- History. --- Health. --- Cultural appropriation. --- Economic development. --- Child welfare. --- Bill C-31. --- Criminal justice. --- Riel Rebellion, 1885. --- Residential schools. --- Epidemiology. --- Missionaries. --- Government policies. --- Land claims. --- Canada. --- Prairie Provinces.

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Indians of North America --- Indiens --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Indians of North America. --- Aboriginal Canadians --- Indian Act. --- Aboriginal rights. --- Mé́tis --- Ursprungsbefolkningar --- Culture. --- History. --- Health. --- Cultural appropriation. --- Economic development. --- Child welfare. --- Bill C-31. --- Criminal justice. --- Riel Rebellion, 1885. --- Residential schools. --- Epidemiology. --- Missionaries. --- Government policies. --- Land claims. --- Canada. --- Prairie Provinces.

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Ethnicity in Zimbabwe: Transformations in Kalanga and Ndebele Societies, 1860-1990' is a comparative study of identity shifts in two large ethnic groups in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe. The study begins in 1860, a year after the establishment of the Inyati mission station in the Ndebele Kingdom, and ends in the postcolonial period. Author Enocent Msindo asserts that-despite what many social historians have argued-the creation of ethnic identity in Matabeleland was not solely the result of colonial rule and the new colonial African elites, but that African ethnic consciousness existed prior to this time, formed and shaped by ordinary members of these ethnic groups. During this period, the interaction of the Kalanga and Ndebele fed the development of complex ethnic, regional, cultural, and subnationalist identities. By examining the complexities of identities in this region, Msindo uncovers hidden, alternative, and unofficial histories; contested claims to land and civic authority; the politics of language; the struggles of communities defined as underdogs; and the different ways by which the dominant Ndebele have dealt with their regional others, the Kalanga. The book ultimately demonstrates the ways in which debates around ethnicity and other identities in Zimbabwe-and in Matabeleland in particular-relate to wider issues in both rural and urban Zimbabwe past and present. Enocent Msindo is Senior Lecturer in History at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Ndebele (African people) --- Kalanga (African people) --- Ethnic relations. --- HISTORY --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Inter-ethnic relations --- Interethnic relations --- Relations among ethnic groups --- Acculturation --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnology --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Minorities --- Race relations --- Western Shona (African people) --- Shona (African people) --- Amandebele (African people) --- Matabele --- Matabele (African people) --- Rhodesian Ndebele (African people) --- Tabele (African people) --- Tebele (African people) --- Nguni (African people) --- Zulu (African people) --- South --- General. --- Minority Studies. --- Ethnic Studies --- Discrimination & Race Relations. --- Anthropology --- Cultural. --- Ethnic identity. --- History. --- Zimbabwe --- Matabeleland (Zimbabwe) --- An tSiombáib --- Cimbabue --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Government of Zimbabwe --- GOZ (Zimbabwe) --- Jinbabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- República de Zimbabue --- Republika Zimbabve --- Simbabve --- Simbabwe --- Siombabue --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Zimbabhue --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabue --- Zimbabvah --- Zimbabve --- Zimbabṿeh --- Zimbabves Republika --- Zīmbābvih --- Zimbabvo --- Zimbabweh --- Zimpampoue --- Ζιμπάμπουε --- Δημοκρατία της Ζιμπάμπουε --- Република Зимбабве --- Зимбабуе --- Зимбабве --- Зімбабве --- זימבבואה --- זימבבווה --- زيمبابوه --- ジンバブエ --- Southern Rhodesia --- African Ethnic Consciousness. --- Colonial Rule. --- Cultural Identities. --- Dominant Ndebele. --- Ethnicity Debates. --- Ethnicity. --- Identity Shifts. --- Kalanga. --- Land Claims. --- Language Politics. --- Matabeleland. --- Ndebele. --- Regional Identities. --- Rural Zimbabwe. --- Subnationalist Identities. --- Urban Zimbabwe. --- Zimbabwe History. --- Zimbabwe.