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Cyanobacteria are a group of ubiquitous photosynthetic prokaryotes. Their occurrence has been increasing worldwide, due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Several cyanobacterial species are able to synthesize a high number of bioactive molecules, among them, cyanotoxins (microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, nodularin, etc.), which are considered a health concern. For risk assessment of cyanotoxins, more scientific knowledge is required to perform adequate hazard characterization, exposure evaluation and, finally, risk characterization of these toxins. This Special Issue “Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: New Advances and Future Challenges” presents new research or review articles related to different aspects of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, and contributes to providing new toxicological data and methods for a more realistic risk assessment.

method validation --- sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) --- arctic --- Cylindrospermopsin --- Microcystin-LR --- 16S rRNA gene --- astaxanthin --- secondary metabolites --- shotgun metagenomic sequencing --- time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay --- Histopathological evaluation --- cyanobacterial thresholds --- akinetes --- nutrient enrichment --- benthic mats --- cylindrospermopsin --- drinking water treatment plant --- blue-green algae supplements --- lettuce --- genotoxicity --- exposure --- bacterial community --- PCR --- microcystin-LR --- marine natural compounds --- ELISA --- [d-Leu1]Microcystin-LR --- Paracentrotus lividus --- tadpoles --- apoptosis --- 16S rRNA gene sequencing --- PSP toxins --- marine cyanobacteria --- hemolytic essay --- energy budget --- bioassays --- anatoxin-a --- Lithobates catesbeianus --- mixture --- reproductive toxicity --- cyanobacteria --- taste-and-odor compounds --- Procambarus clarkii --- drinking water --- saxitoxin --- resveratrol --- harmful algal blooms --- cytotoxicity --- phylogenetic analyses --- Yangtze estuary --- microcystin --- mutagenicity --- detection --- Artemia salina --- water source --- cyanotoxins --- microcystins --- in vitro --- marine sponges --- microcystin-LR (MC-LR) --- UPLC-MS/MS --- reservoir --- microbial metabolisms --- Aphanizomenon flos-aquae --- monoclonal antibody --- oxidative stress --- Nostocales

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Cyanobacterial abundance has increased disproportionately, and this trend is likely to continue in the coming decades. This increase not only has deleterious effects on ecosystem biodiversity but also adversely affects drinking water supplies, livestock watering, crop yields, aquaculture, etc. Thus, the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms presents human and animal health risks due to the common production of potent toxins, cyanotoxins. Moreover, these risks are aggravated by the accumulation potential of cyanotoxins and their transference to the food chain. In spite of the worldwide increasing occurrence of cyanotoxins, they are still underestimated in regulations. However, risk management of cyanotoxins is only possible after a thorough risk evaluation, and for that purpose, toxicity and exposure data are required. Thus, occurrence and monitoring information is of key importance, and new data in relation to the conditions that favor cyanobacterial growth and cyanotoxin production are welcome in order to prevent their appearance. On the other hand, in regard to toxicity, there are still many data gaps to fill. This book compiles 10 research papers and a review, which provide valuable contributions on all these aspects and demonstrate the importance of cyanobacteria toxins research.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- inflammatory bowel disease --- dextran sulfate sodium --- colitis --- microcystin --- colon --- HAB --- Adda --- canine intoxication --- MMPB --- urinalysis --- hair --- ELISA --- LC-MS/MS --- Microcystin-LR --- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease --- No Observed Adverse Effect Level --- Leprdb/J mice --- hepatotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- TiO2 enriched phosphopeptides --- Cyanotoxins --- microcystin congeners --- MC-LA --- nutrients --- climate --- Great Lakes --- raw water intake --- multivariate statistics --- long-term monitoring --- cyanobacteria --- microcystin-LR --- cylindrospermopsin --- cyanotoxins mixture --- plant growth --- toxin bioaccumulation --- cyanotoxin --- structure --- PP2A inhibition --- liquid chromatography --- mass spectrometry --- cyanotoxins --- metal --- zinc --- Microcystis aeruginosa --- in vivo --- genotoxicity --- micronucleus --- comet assay --- enzyme-modified comet assay --- rats --- drinking water quality --- Mozambique --- public health --- Llayta --- Nostoc --- flow cytometry --- liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- risk assessment --- management strategies --- modelling --- inflammatory bowel disease --- dextran sulfate sodium --- colitis --- microcystin --- colon --- HAB --- Adda --- canine intoxication --- MMPB --- urinalysis --- hair --- ELISA --- LC-MS/MS --- Microcystin-LR --- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease --- No Observed Adverse Effect Level --- Leprdb/J mice --- hepatotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- TiO2 enriched phosphopeptides --- Cyanotoxins --- microcystin congeners --- MC-LA --- nutrients --- climate --- Great Lakes --- raw water intake --- multivariate statistics --- long-term monitoring --- cyanobacteria --- microcystin-LR --- cylindrospermopsin --- cyanotoxins mixture --- plant growth --- toxin bioaccumulation --- cyanotoxin --- structure --- PP2A inhibition --- liquid chromatography --- mass spectrometry --- cyanotoxins --- metal --- zinc --- Microcystis aeruginosa --- in vivo --- genotoxicity --- micronucleus --- comet assay --- enzyme-modified comet assay --- rats --- drinking water quality --- Mozambique --- public health --- Llayta --- Nostoc --- flow cytometry --- liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- risk assessment --- management strategies --- modelling

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Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Afrique subsaharienne --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- CD / Congo Kinshasa - Kongo Dem. Rep. - Rdc --- CG / Congo --- LR / Liberia --- RW / Rwanda - Ruanda --- 37 --- Geografische economie. Monografieën van streken en landen. --- Geografische economie. Monografieën van streken en landen --- Africa, Black --- Africa, Subsaharan --- Africa, Tropical --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Black Africa --- Sub-Sahara Africa --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Subsahara Africa --- Subsaharan Africa --- Tropical Africa --- Coopération africaine --- Afrique noire --- 1960 --- -1960 --- -Coopération africaine --- -Colonies --- Administration --- Etudes comparatives --- -Politique et gouvernement --- Cas, études de --- Politique --- Congo

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Energy has been a crucial element for human beings and sustainable development. The issues of global warming and non-green energy have yet to be resolved. This book is a collection of twelve articles that provide strong evidence for the success of artificial intelligence deployment in energy research, particularly research devoted to non-intrusive load monitoring, network, and grid, as well as other emerging topics. The presented artificial intelligence algorithms may provide insight into how to apply similar approaches, subject to fine-tuning and customization, to other unexplored energy research. The ultimate goal is to fully apply artificial intelligence to the energy sector. This book may serve as a guide for professionals, researchers, and data scientists—namely, how to share opinions and exchange ideas so as to facilitate a better fusion of energy, academic, and industry research, and improve in the quality of people's daily life activities.

artificial neural network --- home energy management systems --- conditional random fields --- LR --- ELR --- energy disaggregation --- artificial intelligence --- genetic algorithm --- decision tree --- static young’s modulus --- price --- scheduling --- self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm --- Marsh funnel --- energy --- yield point --- non-intrusive load monitoring --- mud rheology --- distributed genetic algorithm --- MCP39F511 --- Jetson TX2 --- sustainable development --- artificial neural networks --- transient signature --- load disaggregation --- smart villages --- ambient assisted living --- smart cities --- demand side management --- smart city --- CNN --- wireless sensor networks --- object detection --- drill-in fluid --- ERELM --- sandstone reservoirs --- RPN --- deep learning --- RELM --- smart grids --- multiple kernel learning --- load --- feature extraction --- NILM --- energy management --- energy efficient coverage --- insulator --- Faster R-CNN --- home energy management --- smart grid --- LSTM --- smart metering --- optimization algorithms --- forecasting --- plastic viscosity --- machine learning --- computational intelligence --- policy making --- support vector machine --- internet of things --- sensor network --- nonintrusive load monitoring --- demand response

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Cyanobacterial blooms are a water quality problem that is widely acknowledged to have detrimental ecological and economic effects in drinking and recreational water supplies and fisheries. There is increasing evidence that cyanobacterial blooms have increased globally and are likely to expand in water resources as a result of climate change. Of most concern are cyanotoxins, along with the mechanisms that induce their release and determine their fate in the aquatic environment. These secondary metabolites pose a potential hazard to human health and agricultural and aquaculture products that are intended for animal and human consumption; therefore, strict and reliable control of cyanotoxins is crucial for assessing risk. In this direction, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that determine cyanobacterial bloom structure and toxin production has become the target of management practices. This Special Issue, entitled “Advancing Knowledge on Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwaters”, aims to bring together recent multi- and interdisciplinary research, from the field to the laboratory and back again, driven by working hypotheses based on any aspect of mitigating cyanobacterial blooms, from ecological theory to applied research.

blooms --- cyanobacteria --- control --- toxins --- phenyl-acyl compounds --- caffeic acid --- non-toxic --- redox microcystin LR --- Microcystis aeruginosa --- logistic equation --- max algal population --- hydrodynamic --- mass transfer --- ecological function --- ecosystems --- harmful cyanobacterial bloom (CyanoHAB) --- proper functioning condition (PFC) --- total maximum daily load (TMDL) --- non-point source (NPS) --- point source (PS) --- Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) --- best management practice (BMP) --- stream-lake linkage --- taxonomic --- bacterial community --- environmental change --- mitten crab culture --- cyanobacteria community --- seasonal variation --- environmental factors --- potentially harmful species --- Lake Guchenghu --- man-made surface water channel --- transboundary --- nestedness --- Balkan --- Dolichospermum lemmermannii --- microcystin --- Lake Ludoš --- dissolved inorganic nitrogen --- dissolved organic carbon --- phosphonate --- subsurface methane maximum --- stoichiometry --- Synechococcus --- cyanobacterial growth --- stress responses --- Pseudanabaena galeata --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative enzymes --- freshwater --- bloom --- air temperature --- nutrients --- model --- subtropical reservoir --- functional groups --- phytoplankton --- seasonal succession --- cyanobacterial bloom --- water quality --- human and animal health --- climate change --- eutrophication