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In recent years, there has been rapid growth in the availability of innovative, non-combustible products, including oral tobacco-derived nicotine (OTDN) products, heated tobacco products (HTPs), and electronic cigarettes (also referred to as e-vapor products; EVPs). Industry, academic, and government researchers are developing and validating analytical methods to extract, separate, identify, and quantitate a variety of analytes from these innovative tobacco products using a wide range of analytical techniques. These analytes include constituents such as nicotine, degradants and impurities, flavors, non-tobacco ingredients, HPHCs, and other currently unknown constituents. In this Special Issue, we received nine contributions that covered the latest analytical methods that have been developed and applied for the chemical characterization or exposure assessment to tobacco product constituents of innovative non-combustible products. This Special Issue is representative of the importance of analytical sciences research in characterizing innovative non-combustible products for guiding product design, determining relative product performance, ensuring consistency during the manufacturing process, informing toxicological risk assessment, and enabling regulatory reporting. The current advances in the development and applications of the analytical methods reported in this Special Issue can be used to inform the harm reduction potential of innovative non-combustible products for adult smokers.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- on!® nicotine pouches --- nicotine --- dissolution --- release profile --- validation --- product assessment --- smokeless tobacco product --- nicotine degradants --- nicotine-related impurities --- alkaloids --- nicotine degradation products --- nicotine pouches --- reduced-risk products --- constituents --- method development --- method validation --- JUUL --- aerosol --- non-targeted analysis --- chemical characterization --- ENDS --- e-cigarette --- GC–MS --- LC–HRMS --- e-liquid --- 2,4-DNPH derivatization --- formaldehyde --- “hidden formaldehyde” --- formaldehyde-containing hemiacetal/acetal adducts --- HPHC --- GC-MS --- 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene --- LC–MS/MS --- urine --- human biomonitoring --- derivatization --- potentially reduced-risk products --- propylene glycol --- electronic cigarette --- biomarker of exposure --- compliance marker --- oral tobacco derived nicotine (OTDN) pouches --- snus --- nicotine release --- nicotine dissolution --- nicotine extraction --- equivalence --- modern oral nicotine products --- HPHCs --- product characterizations --- n/a --- LC-HRMS --- --- LC-MS/MS

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Given the continuous consumer demand for products of high quality and specific origin, there is a great tendency toward the application of multiple instrumental techniques for the complete characterization of foodstuffs or related natural products. Spectrometric techniques usually offer a full and rapid screenshot of a product’s composition and properties by the determination of specific biomolecules such as sugars, minerals, polyphenols, volatile compounds, amino acids, and organic acids. The present Special Issue aimed firstly to enhance the advances of the application of spectrometric techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, or any other spectrometric technique, in the analysis of foodstuffs such as meat, milk, cheese, potatoes, vegetables, fruits/fruit juices, honey, olive oil, chocolate, and other natural products. An additional goal was to fill the gap between food composition/food properties/natural product properties and food/natural product authenticity, using supervised and nonsupervised chemometrics.

Research & information: general --- characterization --- beekeepers’ honey --- minerals --- inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) --- chemometrics --- HPTLC --- LC–HRMS --- PCA --- metabolomics --- Arbutus unedo --- antioxidant activities --- honey variety --- honey code --- HS-SPME/GC-MS --- data handling --- data bank --- fluorescence --- rapeseed oil --- multiway analysis --- parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) --- multivariate regression --- caffeine --- 16-O-methylcafestol --- kahweol --- furfuryl alcohol --- tetramethylsilane (TMS) --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- validation studies --- hyperspectral imaging --- jowl meat --- minced pork --- meat adulteration --- visualization --- oilseeds --- Caatinga --- native --- spectrometry --- honey --- adulteration --- feature variable --- partial least square regression --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- mushroom --- Pleurotus --- glucan --- ergosterol --- mid-infrared spectroscopy --- FTIR --- spectroscopy --- prediction --- coffee --- meat --- Pleurotus mushrooms

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In recent years, there has been rapid growth in the availability of innovative, non-combustible products, including oral tobacco-derived nicotine (OTDN) products, heated tobacco products (HTPs), and electronic cigarettes (also referred to as e-vapor products; EVPs). Industry, academic, and government researchers are developing and validating analytical methods to extract, separate, identify, and quantitate a variety of analytes from these innovative tobacco products using a wide range of analytical techniques. These analytes include constituents such as nicotine, degradants and impurities, flavors, non-tobacco ingredients, HPHCs, and other currently unknown constituents. In this Special Issue, we received nine contributions that covered the latest analytical methods that have been developed and applied for the chemical characterization or exposure assessment to tobacco product constituents of innovative non-combustible products. This Special Issue is representative of the importance of analytical sciences research in characterizing innovative non-combustible products for guiding product design, determining relative product performance, ensuring consistency during the manufacturing process, informing toxicological risk assessment, and enabling regulatory reporting. The current advances in the development and applications of the analytical methods reported in this Special Issue can be used to inform the harm reduction potential of innovative non-combustible products for adult smokers.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- on!® nicotine pouches --- nicotine --- dissolution --- release profile --- validation --- product assessment --- smokeless tobacco product --- nicotine degradants --- nicotine-related impurities --- alkaloids --- nicotine degradation products --- nicotine pouches --- reduced-risk products --- constituents --- method development --- method validation --- JUUL --- aerosol --- non-targeted analysis --- chemical characterization --- ENDS --- e-cigarette --- GC-MS --- LC-HRMS --- e-liquid --- 2,4-DNPH derivatization --- formaldehyde --- --- formaldehyde-containing hemiacetal/acetal adducts --- HPHC --- GC-MS --- 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene --- LC-MS/MS --- urine --- human biomonitoring --- derivatization --- potentially reduced-risk products --- propylene glycol --- electronic cigarette --- biomarker of exposure --- compliance marker --- oral tobacco derived nicotine (OTDN) pouches --- snus --- nicotine release --- nicotine dissolution --- nicotine extraction --- equivalence --- modern oral nicotine products --- HPHCs --- product characterizations --- on!® nicotine pouches --- nicotine --- dissolution --- release profile --- validation --- product assessment --- smokeless tobacco product --- nicotine degradants --- nicotine-related impurities --- alkaloids --- nicotine degradation products --- nicotine pouches --- reduced-risk products --- constituents --- method development --- method validation --- JUUL --- aerosol --- non-targeted analysis --- chemical characterization --- ENDS --- e-cigarette --- GC-MS --- LC-HRMS --- e-liquid --- 2,4-DNPH derivatization --- formaldehyde --- --- formaldehyde-containing hemiacetal/acetal adducts --- HPHC --- GC-MS --- 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene --- LC-MS/MS --- urine --- human biomonitoring --- derivatization --- potentially reduced-risk products --- propylene glycol --- electronic cigarette --- biomarker of exposure --- compliance marker --- oral tobacco derived nicotine (OTDN) pouches --- snus --- nicotine release --- nicotine dissolution --- nicotine extraction --- equivalence --- modern oral nicotine products --- HPHCs --- product characterizations

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The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.

n/a --- C-CTX-1 --- non-targeted analysis --- ciguatera fish poisoning --- suspects screening --- neurodegeneration --- adaptation --- LC-HRMS --- paralytic shellfish toxins --- LC-MS/MS --- animal toxins --- identification --- method characterization --- caribbean ciguatoxins --- oral toxicity --- water flea --- quorum sensing --- eutrophication --- beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine --- dynamics simulation --- thermal water --- spent medium --- Microcystis --- Gambierdiscus --- gambierdiscus --- whole genome sequencing --- palytoxin --- conotoxin --- ovatoxins --- cyanobacterial toxin --- BMAA --- Ciguatera fish poisoning --- Rastrineobola argentea --- calcium-activated K+ ion channel --- toxicity equivalence factor --- NMR spectroscopy --- N2a --- PPIA --- marine biotoxins --- Daphnia magna --- ELISA --- disulfide-rich peptide --- food chain --- ShK-like peptide --- voltage-gated K+ ion channel --- targeted analysis --- Chinese yellow catfish --- marine --- macaronesia --- neuroblastoma bioassay --- marine toxins --- acute toxicity --- algal–bacterial relationship --- mass spectrometry --- tetrodotoxins --- saxitoxin --- toxicology --- cationization --- seafood safety --- evolution --- cyanotoxins --- toxin genes --- zoantharian --- spatial variability --- dopaminergic neurons --- tetrodotoxin --- bivalve mollusks --- algal-bacterial relationship --- Murntuluk / Catfish (Central NT, North NT SE52-03)

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This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.

Technology: general issues --- carbon nanotubes --- aging --- structural health monitoring --- water uptake --- adhesive film --- surfactant --- insulin --- mucin --- polyethylene glycol --- microparticles --- toxicology --- biomass production --- Chlorella vulgaris --- microalgae --- nutrients removal --- paper industry effluent --- effluent treatment --- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) --- urine --- doping analysis --- dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) --- gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- sewage sludge disposal --- municipal solid waste --- co-combustion --- fly ash --- bottom ash --- heavy metal stabilization --- polar amino acids --- mixed cationic-RP column --- LC-HRMS --- BMAA --- TMAO --- flavonols --- H2O2 --- saliva --- metabolism --- oxidation --- LC-MS/MS --- CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides --- zinc oxide --- ceria nanorods --- oxygen storage capacity --- CO oxidation --- licorice --- chitosan --- edible coating --- strawberry shelf life --- rheological properties --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- self-healing --- SAP --- microCT --- cementitious materials --- mortar --- hairs --- variability --- week --- longitudinal --- element --- metals --- INAA --- occupational exposure --- unexposed subject --- MoS2 --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis --- low-cost photosensors --- arsenic --- groundwater --- contamination --- water quality --- domestic filter systems --- health effects --- treatment methods --- Bangladesh --- n/a --- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)