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This book consists of original and review papers which describe basic and applied studies for the modifications of metallic and inorganic materials by using energetic ion/electron beams. When materials are irradiated with energetic charged particles (ions /electrons), their energies are transferred to electrons and atoms in materials, and the lattice structures of the materials are largely changed to metastable or non-thermal-equilibrium states, modifying several physical properties. Such phenomena will engage the interest of researchers as a basic science, and can also be used as promising tools for adding new functionalities to existing materials and for the development of novel materials. The papers in this book cover the ion/electron-beam-induced modifications of several properties (optical, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties) and lattice structures. This book will, therefore, be useful for many scientists and engineers who have been involved in fundamental material science and the industrial applications of metallic and inorganic materials.

Research & information: general --- swift heavy ion --- YAG (Y3Al5O12) --- refractive index profiling --- synergy effect --- optical waveguide --- hillocks --- ion tracks --- ion irradiation --- TEM --- vanadium alloy --- irradiation hardening --- radiation damage --- electron irradiation --- metal surface --- sputtering --- groove --- hole --- self-organization --- pattern --- laser photocathode --- pulsed electron sources --- pulsed transmission electron microscope --- ion beam --- copper oxide --- chromatic change --- photoemission spectrum --- beam viewer --- light water reactor --- zirconium alloys --- nuclear fuel cladding --- thermal desorption spectroscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- high energy irradiation --- ion track overlapping --- oxides --- Monte Carlo simulation for two-dimensional images --- lattice structures and magnetic states --- binomial and Poisson distribution functions --- ion accelerators at WERC --- irradiation effects on space electronics --- single event --- total ionization dose --- displacement damage --- solar cell --- space application --- irradiation test --- beam condition --- degradation --- standardization --- ISO --- high-Tc superconductors --- critical current density --- flux pinning --- heavy-ion irradiation --- columnar defects --- anisotropy --- superconductor --- irradiation --- critical current --- cerium oxide --- CeO2 --- swift heavy ions --- phase transition --- partially stabilized zirconia --- XRD --- radiation simulation --- ion-track etching --- electrodeposition --- micro/nano-sized metal cones --- template synthesis --- electrocatalyst --- excited reaction field --- transmission electron microscope --- nanomaterials --- manipulation --- nanostructure --- Al --- Al2O3 --- accelerator-driven system (ADS) --- liquid metal corrosion (LMC) --- lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) --- self-ion irradiation --- oxygen concentration in LBE --- irradiation effect on corrosion behavior --- electronic excitation --- lattice disordering --- electron–lattice coupling --- nanopore structure --- ceria --- molecular dynamics --- simulation --- structural analysis --- defects --- n/a --- lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) --- electron-lattice coupling

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book consists of original and review papers which describe basic and applied studies for the modifications of metallic and inorganic materials by using energetic ion/electron beams. When materials are irradiated with energetic charged particles (ions /electrons), their energies are transferred to electrons and atoms in materials, and the lattice structures of the materials are largely changed to metastable or non-thermal-equilibrium states, modifying several physical properties. Such phenomena will engage the interest of researchers as a basic science, and can also be used as promising tools for adding new functionalities to existing materials and for the development of novel materials. The papers in this book cover the ion/electron-beam-induced modifications of several properties (optical, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties) and lattice structures. This book will, therefore, be useful for many scientists and engineers who have been involved in fundamental material science and the industrial applications of metallic and inorganic materials.

Research & information: general --- swift heavy ion --- YAG (Y3Al5O12) --- refractive index profiling --- synergy effect --- optical waveguide --- hillocks --- ion tracks --- ion irradiation --- TEM --- vanadium alloy --- irradiation hardening --- radiation damage --- electron irradiation --- metal surface --- sputtering --- groove --- hole --- self-organization --- pattern --- laser photocathode --- pulsed electron sources --- pulsed transmission electron microscope --- ion beam --- copper oxide --- chromatic change --- photoemission spectrum --- beam viewer --- light water reactor --- zirconium alloys --- nuclear fuel cladding --- thermal desorption spectroscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- high energy irradiation --- ion track overlapping --- oxides --- Monte Carlo simulation for two-dimensional images --- lattice structures and magnetic states --- binomial and Poisson distribution functions --- ion accelerators at WERC --- irradiation effects on space electronics --- single event --- total ionization dose --- displacement damage --- solar cell --- space application --- irradiation test --- beam condition --- degradation --- standardization --- ISO --- high-Tc superconductors --- critical current density --- flux pinning --- heavy-ion irradiation --- columnar defects --- anisotropy --- superconductor --- irradiation --- critical current --- cerium oxide --- CeO2 --- swift heavy ions --- phase transition --- partially stabilized zirconia --- XRD --- radiation simulation --- ion-track etching --- electrodeposition --- micro/nano-sized metal cones --- template synthesis --- electrocatalyst --- excited reaction field --- transmission electron microscope --- nanomaterials --- manipulation --- nanostructure --- Al --- Al2O3 --- accelerator-driven system (ADS) --- liquid metal corrosion (LMC) --- lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) --- self-ion irradiation --- oxygen concentration in LBE --- irradiation effect on corrosion behavior --- electronic excitation --- lattice disordering --- electron-lattice coupling --- nanopore structure --- ceria --- molecular dynamics --- simulation --- structural analysis --- defects --- swift heavy ion --- YAG (Y3Al5O12) --- refractive index profiling --- synergy effect --- optical waveguide --- hillocks --- ion tracks --- ion irradiation --- TEM --- vanadium alloy --- irradiation hardening --- radiation damage --- electron irradiation --- metal surface --- sputtering --- groove --- hole --- self-organization --- pattern --- laser photocathode --- pulsed electron sources --- pulsed transmission electron microscope --- ion beam --- copper oxide --- chromatic change --- photoemission spectrum --- beam viewer --- light water reactor --- zirconium alloys --- nuclear fuel cladding --- thermal desorption spectroscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- high energy irradiation --- ion track overlapping --- oxides --- Monte Carlo simulation for two-dimensional images --- lattice structures and magnetic states --- binomial and Poisson distribution functions --- ion accelerators at WERC --- irradiation effects on space electronics --- single event --- total ionization dose --- displacement damage --- solar cell --- space application --- irradiation test --- beam condition --- degradation --- standardization --- ISO --- high-Tc superconductors --- critical current density --- flux pinning --- heavy-ion irradiation --- columnar defects --- anisotropy --- superconductor --- irradiation --- critical current --- cerium oxide --- CeO2 --- swift heavy ions --- phase transition --- partially stabilized zirconia --- XRD --- radiation simulation --- ion-track etching --- electrodeposition --- micro/nano-sized metal cones --- template synthesis --- electrocatalyst --- excited reaction field --- transmission electron microscope --- nanomaterials --- manipulation --- nanostructure --- Al --- Al2O3 --- accelerator-driven system (ADS) --- liquid metal corrosion (LMC) --- lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) --- self-ion irradiation --- oxygen concentration in LBE --- irradiation effect on corrosion behavior --- electronic excitation --- lattice disordering --- electron-lattice coupling --- nanopore structure --- ceria --- molecular dynamics --- simulation --- structural analysis --- defects

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This Special Issue of Metals was dedicated to recent advances in low-carbon and stainless steels. Although these types of steels are not new, they are still receiving considerable attention from both research and industry sectors due to their wide range of applications and their complex microstructure and behavior under different conditions. The microstructure of low-carbon and stainless steels resulting from solidification, phase transformation, and hot working is complex, which, in turn, affect their performance under different working conditions. A detailed understanding of the microstructure, properties, and performance for these steels has been the aim of steel scientists for a long time. This Issue received quality papers on different aspects of these steels including their solidification, thermomechanical processing, phase transformation, texture, etc., and their mechanical and corrosion behaviors.

pitting --- sigma phase --- 2205 --- duplex stainless steel --- austenitic stainless steel --- cold deformation --- microstructures --- mechanical properties --- austenite --- steel --- thermomechanical processing --- phase transformation --- nucleation --- ferrite --- CCT --- TTT --- incubation --- transformation start --- FAC --- LBE --- turbulent flow --- dissolution --- modelling --- low-carbon AHSS --- Q&amp --- P --- toughness --- precipitation --- martensite packet --- mechanical characterization --- martensitic transformations --- dynamic transformation --- Nb-microalloyed steel --- roughing passes --- hot forming --- multiphase steel --- quenching and partitioning --- austempering --- Gleeble simulation --- press hardening --- martensite --- quenching --- partitioning --- dilatometry --- EBSD-IQ --- fast heating rate --- formation of austenite --- initial microstructure --- PAGS --- transformation behavior --- tensile properties --- metastability --- LCF --- HCF --- VHCF --- ambient and elevated temperatures --- carbon steel --- rotationally accelerated shot peening --- nanocrystalline --- corrosion resistance --- transformation kinetics --- local equilibrium --- para equilibrium --- Cr-rich precipitate --- interphase boundary --- type 430 stainless steel --- HSLA steel --- alloy design --- grain refinement of austenite --- Zener pinning force --- recrystallization --- Niobium Nb