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This book is composed of selected papers presented at IWIFSGN'2019—The Eighteenth International Workshop on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Generalized Nets—held on October 24–25, 2019, in Warsaw, Poland, which is one of the main conferences on fuzzy logic, notably on extensions of the traditional fuzzy sets, in particular on the intuitionistic fuzzy sets. A considerable part of the conference sessions is also concerned with recent developments and challenges in the theory and applications of other topics exemplified by uncertainty, incompleteness and imprecision modeling, the Generalized Nets (GNs), a powerful extension of the traditional Petri net paradigm, and the InterCriteria Analysis, a new method for the feature selection and analyses in multicriteria and multiattribute decision-making problems. Some more general problems of computational and artificial intelligence, exemplified by evolutionary computations, machine learning, etc., are also dealt with. The papers included yield a good perspective on all of these important issues and problems.

Fuzzy logic --- Fuzzy logic. --- Nonlinear logic --- Fuzzy mathematics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Fuzzy systems --- Lògica difusa --- Lògica borrosa --- Lògica no lineal --- Lògica matemàtica --- Conjunts borrosos --- Sistemes borrosos --- Computational intelligence. --- Engineering—Data processing. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Data Engineering. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing

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Professor Merrie Bergmann presents an accessible introduction to the subject of many-valued and fuzzy logic designed for use on undergraduate and graduate courses in non-classical logic. Bergmann discusses the philosophical issues that give rise to fuzzy logic - problems arising from vague language - and returns to those issues as logical systems are presented. For historical and pedagogical reasons, three-valued logical systems are presented as useful intermediate systems for studying the principles and theory behind fuzzy logic. The major fuzzy logical systems - Lukasiewicz, Gödel, and product logics - are then presented as generalisations of three-valued systems that successfully address the problems of vagueness. A clear presentation of technical concepts, this book includes exercises throughout the text that pose straightforward problems, that ask students to continue proofs begun in the text, and that engage students in the comparison of logical systems.

Fuzzy logic. --- Many-valued logic. --- Logic, Many-valued --- Logic, Multivalued --- Logic, Variable-valued --- Multivalued logic --- Variable-valued logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Values --- Nonlinear logic --- Fuzzy mathematics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Fuzzy systems --- Lògica borrosa --- Lògica multivalent --- Lògica de diversos valors --- Lògica plurivalent --- Lògica polivalent --- Lògica difusa --- Lògica no lineal --- Lògica matemàtica --- Conjunts borrosos --- Sistemes borrosos --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Logique --- Logique floue --- Logique multivalente --- 20e siècle

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Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Lògica matemàtica --- Lògica formal --- Lògica simbòlica --- Lògica simbòlica i matemàtica --- Lògica universal --- Logística (Filosofia) --- Matemàtica --- Atzar --- Càlcul lambda --- Categories (Matemàtica) --- Decidibilitat (Lògica matemàtica) --- Funcions recursives --- Independència (Matemàtica) --- Lògica algebraica --- Lògica combinatòria --- Lògica de primer ordre --- Lògica difusa --- Lògica informàtica --- Matemàtica constructiva --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Nombres cardinals --- Pragmàtica (Lingüística) --- Probabilitats --- Semàntica (Filosofia) --- Teoria axiomàtica de conjunts --- Teorema de Gödel --- Teoria de la commutació --- Teoria de la prova --- Teoria de la recursió --- Teoria de màquines --- Teoria de models --- Teoria de tipus --- Àlgebra abstracta --- Metamatemàtica --- Programació lògica --- Sil·logisme --- Teoria de conjunts

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Recent theoretical and empirical studies have concluded that in order to be accurate, poverty and deprivation must be measured within a multidimensional framework that is consistent, efficient, and statistically robust. The fuzzy set approach to poverty measurement was developed in the early 1990s and continues to be refined by scholars of economics and sociology who find the traditional "monetary-only" indicators to be inadequate and arbitrary. This volume brings together advanced thinking on the multidimensional measurement of poverty, including the theoretical background, applications to cross-sections using contemporary European examples, and longitudinal aspects of multidimensional fuzzy poverty analysis that pay particular attention to the transitory, or impermanent, conditions that often occur during transitions to market economies. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers and will be a useful text on poverty for advanced students in applied statistics, urban planning, economics, and sociology. Achille Lemmi is Professor of Economic Statistics at the University of Siena. His areas of interest and research include personal income distribution models, poverty and living conditions estimation and analysis, and poverty dynamics. Gianni Betti is Associate Professor of Economic Statistics at the University of Siena. His areas of interest and research include poverty and living conditions analysis, equivalence scales, small area estimation and poverty mapping.

Poverty --- Fuzzy sets --- Measurement. --- Data processing. --- Sets, Fuzzy --- Fuzzy mathematics --- Set theory --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Quantitative methods in social research --- Social problems --- Economic theory. --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Social sciences --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Sociology, general. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Methodology. --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Economic man --- Economía --- Conjuntos difusos --- Investigación operativa --- Análisis operativo --- Operaciones, Investigación de --- Ingeniería industrial --- Sistemas, Teoría de --- Conjuntos borrosos --- Conjuntos, Teoría de --- Lógica difusa --- Aspectos económicos --- Ciencias económicas --- Doctrinas económicas --- Economía política --- Teoría económica --- Teorías económicas --- Doctrinas --- Teoría --- Teorías --- Probabilities. --- Sociology. --- Social sciences. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Social theory --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk

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Lògica matemàtica --- Lògica formal --- Lògica simbòlica --- Lògica simbòlica i matemàtica --- Lògica universal --- Logística (Filosofia) --- Matemàtica --- Atzar --- Càlcul lambda --- Categories (Matemàtica) --- Decidibilitat (Lògica matemàtica) --- Funcions recursives --- Independència (Matemàtica) --- Lògica algebraica --- Lògica borrosa --- Lògica combinatòria --- Lògica de primer ordre --- Lògica informàtica --- Matemàtica constructiva --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Nombres cardinals --- Pragmàtica (Lingüística) --- Probabilitats --- Semàntica (Filosofia) --- Teoria axiomàtica de conjunts --- Teorema de Gödel --- Teoria de la commutació --- Teoria de la prova --- Teoria de la recursió --- Teoria de màquines --- Teoria de models --- Teoria de tipus --- Àlgebra abstracta --- Metamatemàtica --- Programació lògica --- Sil·logisme --- Teoria de conjunts --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Lògica difusa