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North Korea has posed a threat to stability in Northeast Asia for decades. Since Kim Jong-un assumed power, this threat has both increased and broadened. Since 2011, the small, isolated nation has detonated nuclear weapons multiple times, tested a wide variety of ballistic missiles, expanded naval and ground systems that threaten South Korea, and routinely employs hostile rhetoric. Another threat it poses has been less recognized: North Korea presents a potentially greater risk to American interests by exporting its weapons systems to other volatile regions worldwide. In North Korean Military Proliferation in the Middle East and Africa, Bruce E. Bechtol Jr. analyzes relevant North Korean military capabilities, what arms the nation provides, and to whom, how it skirts its sanctions, and how North Korea's activities can best be contained. He traces illicit networks that lead to state and nonstate actors in the Middle East, including Syria, Iran, Hezbollah, and Hamas, and throughout Africa, including at least a dozen nations. The potential proliferation of nuclear and chemical weapons technology and the vehicles that carry it, including ballistic missiles and artillery, represent a broader threat than the leadership in Pyongyang. Including training and infrastructure support, North Korea's profits may range into the billions of dollars, all concealed in illicit networks and front companies so complex that the nation struggles to track and control them. Bechtol not only presents an accurate picture of the current North Korean threat -- he also outlines methodologies that Washington and the international community must embrace in order to contain it.

Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear nonproliferation. --- Export of nuclear materials --- Export of nuclear technology --- International control of nuclear energy --- Nonproliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear exports --- Nuclear proliferation --- Proliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear-weapon-free zones --- Nuclear weapons control --- Arms control --- Nuclear weapons --- International control --- Middle East --- Korea (North) --- Africa --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Korean People's Republic --- People's Democratic Republic of Korea --- Koreĭskai︠a︡ Narodno-Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Korea (North Korean Government) --- Democratic People's Republic of Korea --- North Korea --- KNDR --- Chʻao-hsien min chu chu i jen min kung ho kuo --- Koreai Népi Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Korea (Democratic People's Republic) --- K.N.D.R. --- K.R.L.D. --- Korea (People's Democratic Republic) --- Korean People's Democratic Republic --- Chōsen Minshu Shugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk --- KRLD --- Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna --- Kūriyā al-Dīmuqrāṭīyah --- D.P.R.K. --- DPRK --- Corée du Nord --- República Popular Democrática de Corea --- Corea (North) --- North Korean Interim Government --- Chosun Minchu-chui Inmin Konghwa-guk --- Chaoxian minzhu zhuyi renmin gongheguo --- 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 --- Military relations --- Nuclear nonproliferation --- K9570.90 --- K9561.60 --- K9561.63 --- K9561.57 --- K9563 --- Korea: Defense and military -- general and history -- North Korea (1945- ) --- Korea: International politics, law and relations of North Korea -- Asia -- Middle East --- Korea: International politics, law and relations of North Korea -- Asia -- Syria --- Korea: International politics, law and relations -- Asia -- Iran --- Korea: International politics, law and relations of North Korea -- Africa --- Korea: International politics, law and relations of North Korea -- Asia -- Iran