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This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Kyrgyzstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Kyrgyzstan to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country's ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by cleaner fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Bishkek and Osh and the second extends to areas outside of the initial pilot city centres (pilot city suburbs as well as inter-city transport). These investments are expected to result in significant environmental, public service and socio-economic benefits.

Development. --- Kyrgyzstan. --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R. --- Environmental Economics --- Business & Economics

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David W. Montgomery presents a rich ethnographic study on the practice and meaning of Islamic life in Kyrgyzstan. As he shows, becoming and being a Muslim are based on knowledge acquired from the surrounding environment, enabled through the practice of doing. Through these acts, Islam is imbued in both the individual and the community. To Montgomery, religious practice and lived experience combine to create an ideological space that is shaped by events, opportunities, and potentialities that form the context from which knowing emerges. This acquired knowledge further frames social navigation and political negotiation.Through his years of on-the-ground research, Montgomery assembles both an anthropology of knowledge and an anthropology of Islam, demonstrating how individuals make sense of and draw meanings from their environments. He reveals subtle individual interpretations of the religion and how people seek to define themselves and their lives as "good" within their communities and under Islam.Based on numerous in-depth interviews, bolstered by extensive survey and data collection, Montgomery offers the most thorough English-language study to date of Islam in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. His work provides a broad view into the cognitive processes of Central Asian populations that will serve students, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Kyrgyzstan --- Religious life and customs. --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R.

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From Belonging to Belief presents a nuanced ethnographic study of Islam and secularism in post-Soviet Central Asia, as seen from the small town of Bazaar-Korgon in southern Kyrgyzstan. Opening with the juxtaposition of a statue of Lenin and a mosque in the town square, Julie McBrien proceeds to peel away the multiple layers that have shaped the return of public Islam in the region. She explores belief and nonbelief, varying practices of Islam, discourses of extremism, and the role of the state, to elucidate the everyday experiences of Bazaar-Korgonians. McBrien shows how Islam is explored, lived, and debated in both conventional and novel sites: a Soviet-era cleric who continues to hold great influence; popular television programs; religious instruction at wedding parties; clothing; celebrations; and others. Through ethnographic research, McBrien reveals how moving toward Islam is not a simple step but rather a deliberate and personal journey of experimentation, testing, and knowledge acquisition. Moreover she argues that religion is not always a matter of belief--sometimes it is essentially about belonging. From Belonging to Belief offers an important corrective to studies that focus only on the pious turns among Muslims in Central Asia, and instead shows the complex process of evolving religion in a region that has experienced both Soviet atheism and post-Soviet secularism, each of which has profoundly formed the way Muslims interpret and live Islam.

Secularism --- Islam --- Islam and secularism --- Secularism and Islam --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Ethics --- Irreligion --- Utilitarianism --- Atheism --- Postsecularism --- Secularization (Theology) --- Kyrgyzstan. --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghiz S.S.R. --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii͡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai͡a Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Social networks --- Social capital (Sociology) --- Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Capital, Social (Sociology) --- Sociology --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kirghizia --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kirgisien --- Kirgizstan --- Kirgizistan --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qirqīzistān --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Кыргызская Республика --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Кыргызстан --- Qırğızstan --- Киргизия --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgiziya --- キルギス --- Kirugisu --- クルグズスタン --- Kuruguzusutan --- クルグズ --- Kuruguzu --- キルギスタン --- Kirugisutan --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisistan --- Kirghiz S.S.R. --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions

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Social protection is at the heart of Kyrgyzstan’s development and is a priority of public policy. Pension coverage among today’s elderly is universal and a large number of contributory and non-contributory programmes are in place to cover a wide range of risks. Kyrgyzstan has succeeded in maintaining the entitlements dating from the Soviet era while introducing programmes appropriate for its transition to a market economy. However, severe fiscal constraints have limited the coverage of these new arrangements and their capacity to adapt to challenges such as poverty, pervasive informality and emigration.

Social security --- Kyrgyzstan --- Social conditions --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R. --- Economic history. --- Social policy. --- Social conditions.