Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Kindling (Neurology) --- Epilepsy --- Neuropsychiatry --- Excitation (Neurologie) --- Epilepsie --- Neuropsychiatrie --- congresses. --- Congresses. --- Pathophysiology --- Congrès --- Physiopathologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Purpose: Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) seize in response to sensory stimulation and forced exploratory behavior, but the incidence and severity of their seizures are variable. We wished to characterize the seizure pattern of gerbils from our breeding colony. Methods: Ninety-three gerbils aged 1-16 months were tested for a mean of 24 consecutive weeks and assigned to a category according to their seizure pattern. Frequency distribution histograms of the mean scores assigned every 5 weeks were plotted for each category. Mean age, number of seizures, onset of the first facial and forelimb myoclonus, and of the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) were compared among categories. We performed correlation analysis between onset of seizures and animal age. Results: From the 93 tested, no seizure-resistant gerbils could be isolated. Four major categories were distinguished. Category 1, highly seizure-sensitive gerbils (39%), exhibited seizures from the first few weeks of test on. Category 2, consisting of similar to 37%, were seizure-free for the first three to six consecutive tests, later developing facial and forelimb myoclonus and eventually GTCS. Because such progressive development of seizures was similar to that occurring upon electrical kindling, the gerbils were classified as kindled-like (KL). Among KL gerbils, older individuals were significantly more refractory to seizures. In category 3, gerbils (10%) exhibited inconsistent seizure behavior. Category 4 consisted of significantly younger animals (11%) with rapid progress to generalized seizures. Conclusions: Seizures of progressive severity can be induced in adult gerbils with a prolonged test regimen. As a consequence, the number of regularly seizing gerbils in a colony can be increased. Prolonged tests starting at a defined age may help characterize seizure development better in this genetic model of limbic epilepsy

Adult. --- Age. --- Analysis. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Behavior. --- Breeding. --- Colonies. --- Dentate gyrus. --- Development. --- Eeg. --- Epilepsies. --- Epilepsy. --- Exploratory behavior. --- Frequency. --- Genetic epilepsy. --- Genetic. --- Gerbil. --- Gerbils. --- Hippocampus. --- Kindling. --- Limbic system. --- Meriones unguiculatus. --- Meriones-unguiculatus. --- Method. --- Model. --- Mongolian gerbil. --- Mongolian gerbils. --- Mongolian-gerbil. --- Pattern. --- Patterns. --- Population. --- Potency. --- Purpose. --- Relevance. --- Response. --- Seizure behavior. --- Seizure induction. --- Seizure. --- Seizures. --- Sensitive gerbil. --- Sensory. --- Starting. --- Stimulation. --- Switzerland. --- Test. --- Tests. --- Time. --- Unguiculatus.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Epilepsy --- Seizures --- Epilepsy. --- Seizures. --- Épilepsie --- Health and social care --- Convulsion, Non-Epileptic --- Seizures, Auditory --- Seizures, Clonic --- Seizures, Gustatory --- Seizures, Olfactory --- Seizures, Somatosensory --- Seizures, Tonic --- Seizures, Tonic-Clonic --- Seizures, Vertiginous --- Seizures, Vestibular --- Seizures, Visual --- Convulsions --- Convulsive Seizures --- Jacksonian Seizure --- Seizures, Convulsive --- Seizures, Focal --- Seizures, Generalized --- Seizures, Motor --- Seizures, Sensory --- Auditory Seizure --- Auditory Seizures --- Clonic Seizure --- Clonic Seizures --- Convulsion --- Convulsion, Non Epileptic --- Convulsions, Non-Epileptic --- Convulsive Seizure --- Focal Seizure --- Focal Seizures --- Generalized Seizure --- Generalized Seizures --- Gustatory Seizure --- Gustatory Seizures --- Motor Seizure --- Motor Seizures --- Non-Epileptic Convulsion --- Non-Epileptic Convulsions --- Olfactory Seizure --- Olfactory Seizures --- Seizure --- Seizure, Auditory --- Seizure, Clonic --- Seizure, Convulsive --- Seizure, Focal --- Seizure, Generalized --- Seizure, Gustatory --- Seizure, Jacksonian --- Seizure, Motor --- Seizure, Olfactory --- Seizure, Sensory --- Seizure, Somatosensory --- Seizure, Tonic --- Seizure, Tonic-Clonic --- Seizure, Vertiginous --- Seizure, Vestibular --- Seizure, Visual --- Seizures, Tonic Clonic --- Sensory Seizure --- Sensory Seizures --- Somatosensory Seizure --- Somatosensory Seizures --- Tonic Seizure --- Tonic Seizures --- Tonic-Clonic Seizure --- Tonic-Clonic Seizures --- Vertiginous Seizure --- Vertiginous Seizures --- Vestibular Seizure --- Vestibular Seizures --- Visual Seizure --- Visual Seizures --- Epilepsy, Cryptogenic --- Seizures, Epileptic --- Single Seizure --- Aura --- Awakening Epilepsy --- Epileptic Seizures --- Seizure Disorder --- Auras --- Cryptogenic Epilepsies --- Cryptogenic Epilepsy --- Epilepsies --- Epilepsies, Cryptogenic --- Epilepsy, Awakening --- Epileptic Seizure --- Seizure Disorders --- Seizure, Epileptic --- Seizure, Single --- Seizures, Single --- Single Seizures --- Brain --- Developmental disabilities --- Spasms --- Atonic Absence Seizures --- Atonic Seizures --- Complex Partial Seizures --- Generalized Absence Seizures --- Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures --- Myoclonic Seizures --- Non-Epileptic Seizures --- Nonepileptic Seizures --- Partial Seizures --- Petit Mal Convulsion --- Absence Seizures --- Absence Seizure --- Absence Seizure, Atonic --- Absence Seizure, Generalized --- Absence Seizures, Atonic --- Absence Seizures, Generalized --- Atonic Absence Seizure --- Atonic Seizure --- Complex Partial Seizure --- Convulsion, Petit Mal --- Generalized Absence Seizure --- Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures --- Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure --- Myoclonic Seizure --- Non Epileptic Seizures --- Non-Epileptic Seizure --- Nonepileptic Seizure --- Partial Seizure --- Partial Seizure, Complex --- Partial Seizures, Complex --- Seizure, Absence --- Seizure, Atonic --- Seizure, Atonic Absence --- Seizure, Complex Partial --- Seizure, Generalized Absence --- Seizure, Generalized Tonic-Clonic --- Seizure, Myoclonic --- Seizure, Non-Epileptic --- Seizure, Nonepileptic --- Seizure, Partial --- Seizures, Atonic --- Seizures, Atonic Absence --- Seizures, Complex Partial --- Seizures, Generalized Absence --- Seizures, Generalized Tonic-Clonic --- Seizures, Myoclonic --- Seizures, Non-Epileptic --- Seizures, Nonepileptic --- Seizures, Partial --- Tonic Clonic Seizures --- Tonic-Clonic Seizure, Generalized --- Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Generalized --- Anticonvulsants --- Convulsants --- Eclampsia --- Kindling, Neurologic --- Diseases --- Épilepsie --- Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizures --- Generalised Tonic Clonic Seizures --- Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure --- Seizure, Generalised Tonic-Clonic --- Tonic-Clonic Seizure, Generalised --- Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Generalised --- Tonic Clonic Seizure --- Clonic Seizure, Tonic --- Clonic Seizures, Tonic --- Non Epileptic Seizure --- Seizure, Tonic Clonic --- Convulsions. --- Épilepsie. --- Convulsive disorders --- Convulsive seizures --- Nervous system

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Anticonvulsants --- Carbamazepine --- Convulsions --- Epilepsy --- Seizures. --- Atonic Absence Seizures --- Atonic Seizures --- Clonic Seizures --- Complex Partial Seizures --- Convulsion, Non-Epileptic --- Generalized Absence Seizures --- Myoclonic Seizures --- Non-Epileptic Seizures --- Nonepileptic Seizures --- Partial Seizures --- Petit Mal Convulsion --- Seizures, Auditory --- Seizures, Clonic --- Seizures, Epileptic --- Seizures, Gustatory --- Seizures, Olfactory --- Seizures, Somatosensory --- Seizures, Tonic --- Seizures, Tonic-Clonic --- Seizures, Vertiginous --- Seizures, Vestibular --- Seizures, Visual --- Single Seizure --- Tonic Seizures --- Tonic-Clonic Seizures --- Absence Seizure --- Absence Seizures --- Atonic Absence Seizure --- Atonic Seizure --- Clonic Seizure --- Complex Partial Seizure --- Convulsion --- Convulsive Seizure --- Convulsive Seizures --- Epileptic Seizure --- Epileptic Seizures --- Generalized Absence Seizure --- Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures --- Jacksonian Seizure --- Myoclonic Seizure --- Non-Epileptic Seizure --- Nonepileptic Seizure --- Partial Seizure --- Seizure --- Seizures, Convulsive --- Seizures, Focal --- Seizures, Generalized --- Seizures, Motor --- Seizures, Sensory --- Tonic Clonic Seizure --- Tonic Seizure --- Tonic-Clonic Seizure --- Absence Seizure, Atonic --- Absence Seizure, Generalized --- Absence Seizures, Atonic --- Absence Seizures, Generalized --- Auditory Seizure --- Auditory Seizures --- Clonic Seizure, Tonic --- Clonic Seizures, Tonic --- Convulsion, Non Epileptic --- Convulsion, Petit Mal --- Convulsions, Non-Epileptic --- Focal Seizure --- Focal Seizures --- Generalized Seizure --- Generalized Seizures --- Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures --- Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure --- Gustatory Seizure --- Gustatory Seizures --- Motor Seizure --- Motor Seizures --- Non Epileptic Seizure --- Non Epileptic Seizures --- Non-Epileptic Convulsion --- Non-Epileptic Convulsions --- Olfactory Seizure --- Olfactory Seizures --- Partial Seizure, Complex --- Partial Seizures, Complex --- Seizure, Absence --- Seizure, Atonic --- Seizure, Atonic Absence --- Seizure, Auditory --- Seizure, Clonic --- Seizure, Complex Partial --- Seizure, Convulsive --- Seizure, Epileptic --- Seizure, Focal --- Seizure, Generalized --- Seizure, Generalized Absence --- Seizure, Generalized Tonic-Clonic --- Seizure, Gustatory --- Seizure, Jacksonian --- Seizure, Motor --- Seizure, Myoclonic --- Seizure, Non-Epileptic --- Seizure, Nonepileptic --- Seizure, Olfactory --- Seizure, Partial --- Seizure, Sensory --- Seizure, Single --- Seizure, Somatosensory --- Seizure, Tonic --- Seizure, Tonic Clonic --- Seizure, Tonic-Clonic --- Seizure, Vertiginous --- Seizure, Vestibular --- Seizure, Visual --- Seizures, Generalized Tonic-Clonic --- Seizures, Nonepileptic --- Sensory Seizure --- Sensory Seizures --- Single Seizures --- Somatosensory Seizure --- Somatosensory Seizures --- Tonic Clonic Seizures --- Tonic-Clonic Seizure, Generalized --- Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Generalized --- Vertiginous Seizure --- Vertiginous Seizures --- Vestibular Seizure --- Vestibular Seizures --- Visual Seizure --- Visual Seizures --- Convulsants --- Eclampsia --- Kindling, Neurologic --- Convulsive disorders --- Convulsive seizures --- Nervous system --- Spasms --- Dibenzazepinecarboxamide --- Amides --- Anti-epileptic drugs --- Anticonvulsant drugs --- Antiepileptic agents --- Antiepileptics --- Central nervous system depressants --- Muscle relaxants --- Congresses --- Diseases --- Chemotherapy --- Neuropathology --- Seizures