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This combination of text and reference book describes the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling the behaviour of ionospheres, upper atmospheres and exospheres. It summarises the structure, chemistry, dynamics and energetics of the terrestrial ionosphere and other solar system bodies, and discusses the processes, mechanisms and transport equations for solving fundamental research problems. This second edition incorporates new results, model developments and interpretations from the last 10 years. It includes the latest material on neutral atmospheres; the terrestrial ionosphere at low, middle and high latitudes; and planetary atmospheres and ionospheres, where results from recent space missions have yielded fresh data. Appendices outline physical constants, mathematical formulas, transport coefficients, and other important parameters for ionospheric calculations. This is an essential resource for researchers studying ionospheres, upper atmospheres, aeronomy and plasma physics. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate-level courses, with supplementary problem sets, and solutions for instructors at www.cambridge.org/9780521877060.

Ionosphere. --- Planets --- Ionospheres. --- Ionosphere --- Planetary ionospheres --- Heaviside layer --- Kennelly-Heaviside layer --- Upper atmosphere --- Ionospheres

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For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by m

Ionosphere. --- Plasma electrodynamics. --- Space plasmas. --- Electrodynamique plasmatique --- Heaviside layer --- Ionosfeer --- Ionosphere --- Ionosphère --- Kennelly-Heaviside layer --- Plasma electrodynamics --- Plasma-elektrodynamica --- Plasmas cosmiques --- Ruimteplasma's --- Space plasmas --- Ionosphère --- Electrodynamique des plasmas

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The SOHO and Cluster missions form a single ESA cornerstone. Yet they observe very different regions in our solar system: the solar atmosphere on one hand and the Earth’s magnetosphere on the other. At the same time the Ulysses mission provides observations in the third dimension of the heliosphere, and many others add to the picture from the Lagrangian point L1 to the edge of the heliosphere. It is the aim of this ISSI volume to tie these observations together in addressing the topic of Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth, thus contributing to the International Living With a Star (ILWS) program. The volume starts out with an assessment and description of the reasons for solar dynamics and how it couples into the heliosphere. The three subsequent sections are each devoted to following one chain of events from the Sun all the way to the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere: The normal solar wind chain, the chain associated with coronal mass ejections, and the solar energetic particles chain. The final section is devoted to common physical processes occurring both at the Sun and in the magnetosphere such as reconnection, shock acceleration, dipolarisation of magnetic field, and others.

Heliosphere (Astrophysics) --- Magnetosphere. --- Ionosphere. --- Solar wind. --- Heaviside layer --- Kennelly-Heaviside layer --- Atmosphere, Upper --- Plasma, Solar --- Solar plasma --- Wind, Solar --- Solar activity --- Stellar winds --- Upper atmosphere --- Astrophysics. --- Planetology. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science

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The book is devoted to radio occultation (RO) remote sensing of the earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere as a global method of monitoring. This technique used the radio links satellite-to-satellite when a satellite-receiver setting or rising behind the earth’s atmosphere is relative to a satellite - emitter of radio waves. During setting the radio ray perigee moves through the ionosphere and ionosphere. Atmospheric and ionospheric effects arise in most cases owing to influence of a zone near the radio ray perigee and cause significant variations of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the radio waves. These variations enable determination of the altitude profiles of temperature, pressure, refractivity, density, humidity and turbulence in the atmosphere, distribution of the electron density in the ionosphere, and the wave phenomena at different altitudes with a global coverage. The aim of this book consists of the systematic description of the different approaches, results of investigation and perspectives of the RO remote sensing as a tool for investigations of the atmosphere and ionosphere.

Atmospheric radio refractivity. --- Ionosphere. --- Ionosphere --- Heaviside layer --- Kennelly-Heaviside layer --- Upper atmosphere --- Radio refractivity, Atmospheric --- Radio refractivity of earth's atmosphere --- Refractivity, Atmospheric radio --- Radio astronomy --- Radio meteorology --- Refractive index --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Earth and Planetary Sciences --- Atmospheric Sciences --- Atmospheric Radio Occultation

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Ionosphere --- Observations --- Periodicals. --- Observatorio del Ebro --- Heaviside layer --- Kennelly-Heaviside layer --- Patronato "Alfonso el Sabio." --- Roquetas, Spain. --- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain). --- Observatorio de Física Cósmica del Ebro --- Observatorio del Ebro-Tortosa --- Observatoire de l'Ebre --- Instituto Nacional de Geofísica (Spain). --- Colegio Máximo de la Compañía de Jesús de Tortosa. --- Observatori de l'Ebre --- Atmosphere, Upper --- Upper atmosphere