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Viscous flow. --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. --- S waves. --- Velocity distribution. --- Oscillations.

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Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor cavities in a liquid when the local pressure becomes lower than the saturation pressure. In many hydraulic applications, cavitation is considered as a non-desirable phenomenon, as far as it may cause performance degradation, vibration problems, enhance broad-band noise-emission, and eventually trigger erosion. In this Special Issue, recent findings about cavitation instabilities are reported. More precisely, the dynamics of cavitation sheets are explored at very low Reynolds numbers in laminar flows, and in microscale applications. Both experimental and numerical approach are used. For the latter, original methods are assessed, such as smooth particles hydrodynamics or detached eddy simulations coupled to a compressible approach.

cavitation --- cavitation number --- globe valve --- valve cage --- computational fluid dynamics --- hydrodynamic cavitation --- compressible two-phase flow --- turbulence modelling --- system instabilities --- jet --- vortex --- mechanical surface treatment --- cavitation peening --- partial cavitation --- super-cavitation --- laminar cavitation --- cavitation instabilities --- vortex rope --- Francis turbine --- CFD --- RANS --- slamming --- fluid-structure interaction --- fluid detachment --- hydrofoil --- bulb turbine --- bulb turbine runner --- flow visualization --- cavitation tunnel --- regression model --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability --- microchannel --- numerical simulation --- multifunction cavitation --- water jet cavitation --- ultrasonic cavitation --- high-temperature high-pressure cavitation --- peening natural aging --- low-temperature low-pressure cavitation --- peening aging --- Francis Turbine

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Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor cavities in a liquid when the local pressure becomes lower than the saturation pressure. In many hydraulic applications, cavitation is considered as a non-desirable phenomenon, as far as it may cause performance degradation, vibration problems, enhance broad-band noise-emission, and eventually trigger erosion. In this Special Issue, recent findings about cavitation instabilities are reported. More precisely, the dynamics of cavitation sheets are explored at very low Reynolds numbers in laminar flows, and in microscale applications. Both experimental and numerical approach are used. For the latter, original methods are assessed, such as smooth particles hydrodynamics or detached eddy simulations coupled to a compressible approach.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- cavitation --- cavitation number --- globe valve --- valve cage --- computational fluid dynamics --- hydrodynamic cavitation --- compressible two-phase flow --- turbulence modelling --- system instabilities --- jet --- vortex --- mechanical surface treatment --- cavitation peening --- partial cavitation --- super-cavitation --- laminar cavitation --- cavitation instabilities --- vortex rope --- Francis turbine --- CFD --- RANS --- slamming --- fluid-structure interaction --- fluid detachment --- hydrofoil --- bulb turbine --- bulb turbine runner --- flow visualization --- cavitation tunnel --- regression model --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability --- microchannel --- numerical simulation --- multifunction cavitation --- water jet cavitation --- ultrasonic cavitation --- high-temperature high-pressure cavitation --- peening natural aging --- low-temperature low-pressure cavitation --- peening aging --- Francis Turbine --- cavitation --- cavitation number --- globe valve --- valve cage --- computational fluid dynamics --- hydrodynamic cavitation --- compressible two-phase flow --- turbulence modelling --- system instabilities --- jet --- vortex --- mechanical surface treatment --- cavitation peening --- partial cavitation --- super-cavitation --- laminar cavitation --- cavitation instabilities --- vortex rope --- Francis turbine --- CFD --- RANS --- slamming --- fluid-structure interaction --- fluid detachment --- hydrofoil --- bulb turbine --- bulb turbine runner --- flow visualization --- cavitation tunnel --- regression model --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability --- microchannel --- numerical simulation --- multifunction cavitation --- water jet cavitation --- ultrasonic cavitation --- high-temperature high-pressure cavitation --- peening natural aging --- low-temperature low-pressure cavitation --- peening aging --- Francis Turbine

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Flows of thermal origin and heat transfer problems are central in a variety of disciplines and industrial applications. The present book entitled Thermal Flows consists of a collection of studies by distinct investigators and research groups dealing with different types of flows relevant to both natural and technological contexts. Both reviews of the state-of-the-art and new theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations are presented, which illustrate the structure of these flows, their stability behavior, and the possible bifurcations to different patterns of symmetry and/or spatiotemporal regimes. Moreover, different categories of fluids are considered (liquid metals, gases, common fluids such as water and silicone oils, organic and inorganic transparent liquids, and nanofluids). This information is presented under the hope that it will serve as a new important resource for physicists, engineers and advanced students interested in the physics of non-isothermal fluid systems; fluid mechanics; environmental phenomena; meteorology; geophysics; and thermal, mechanical and materials engineering.

coating flow --- free surface --- boundary layer --- stress singularity --- matched asymptotic expansions --- computational fluid dynamics --- turbulence --- rotating thermal convection --- Rayleigh–Bénard --- heat enhancement --- nanofluid --- circular pipe --- twisted tape --- porous media --- metal foam --- convection-driven dynamos --- numerical simulations --- bistability --- mean-field magnetohydrodynamics --- spherical shells --- stochastic equations --- equivalence of measures --- nature of turbulence --- critical Reynolds number --- thermovibrational convection --- gravity modulation --- thermofluid-dynamic distortions --- patterning behavior --- stratified mixing layer --- non-modal instability --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability --- Holmboe instability --- rotating thermal magnetoconvection --- linear onset --- sphere --- Rayleigh–Bénard convection --- time periodical cooling --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- thermocapillary-driven convection --- half-zone liquid bridges --- particles --- coherent structures --- particle accumulation structure (PAS) --- high Prandtl number fluids --- plane layer --- circular translational vibrations --- thermal vibrational convection --- convective patterns --- n/a --- Rayleigh-Bénard --- Rayleigh-Bénard convection