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Karakorum --- Karakorum

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From an environmental point of view, mountains are particularly sensitive and important for monitoring the state of health of our planet. Only through distribution of meteoclimatic and atmospheric composition monitoring points in mountain regions, coupled with modelling simulations, will we be able to thoroughly analyze complex pollutant transport mechanisms and better understand imminent global changes. The Himalayan-Karakoram range. For its elevation and geographic location, represents one of the ideal places for studying long-range pollutant transport systems on a regional scale and for mon

Global environmental change. --- Climatic changes --- Himalaya Mountains --- Karakoram Range --- Environmental conditions. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental change, Global --- Global change, Environmental --- Global environmental changes --- Change --- Ecology --- Environmental aspects --- Karakorams --- Karakorum Range --- Muztagh-Karakoram --- Himalaya --- Himalaya Range --- Himalayan Chain --- Himalayan Mountains --- Himalayas --- Global environmental change

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The Karakoram contains the greatest concentration of glaciers and most of the largest ice masses outside high latitudes. They comprise major stores and sources of fresh water in an otherwise extreme, continental, dry region. As many as 200 million people living downstream, in the valleys of the Indus and Yarkand Rivers, depend on melt waters from snow and ice. They are at risk from climate-change impacts on glaciers and water supply, and from hazards such as glacial lake outburst floods. Useful research initiatives go back to the nineteenth century, but coverage has generally been limited geographically and has not been continuous over time. It is almost 80 years since a monograph was devoted to the Karakoram glaciers. The book presents a comprehensive overview, including statistics for the ice cover, glacier mass balance and dynamics, glacierized landscapes, rock glaciers, water resources and environmental hazards. Published glaciological and related research is surveyed along with expedition reports and archival materials in several languages. The expanding potential of satellite coverage is exploited, but conditions and processes reported from field investigations are the main focus. Previously unpublished observations by the author are presented, based on some 45 years of work in the region. Broad understanding of the glacial environment is used to address emerging concerns about the High Asian cryosphere and the fate of its glaciers. These are discussed in relation to the pressing issues of water supply, environmental risk and sustainability. Questions of what is not known help identify much needed monitoring and research. The book is of interest to researchers, professionals, and those studying glaciers, mountain environments, water resources and environmental hazards. The topics discussed should be of concern for anyone involved in regional development and global change in South and Inner Asia.

Glaciers --- Glaciology. --- Karakoram Range -- Environmental conditions. --- Geology -- Karakoram Range. --- Cryology --- Geology, Glacial --- Glacial geology --- Glaciogeology --- Earth sciences. --- Climate change. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Physical geography. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Physical Geography. --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Cryosphere --- Ice --- Glaciology --- Meltwater --- Geography --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Environmental aspects --- Karakoram Range --- Environmental conditions. --- Global environmental change --- Karakorams --- Karakorum Range --- Muztagh-Karakoram

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Gargantuan geological forces created the spectacular mountain ranges of the Himalaya and Karakoram. Mike Searle, one of the world's most experienced field geologists, tells the scientific story, illustrating it with his own photographs, and accounts of his mountaineering and research in the region.

Geology, Structural --- Geodynamics --- Plate tectonics --- Geotectonics --- Structural geology --- Tectonics (Geology) --- Physical geology --- Tectonics, Plate --- Dynamic geology --- Tectonophysics --- Geophysics --- Himalaya Mountains. --- Karakoram Range. --- Tibet, Plateau of. --- Chʻing-tsang Kao-yüan --- Chʻing-tsang-ta Kao-yüan --- Hsi-tsang Kao-yüan --- Hsi-tsang tʻai-ti --- Plateau of Tibet --- Qing Zang Gaoyuan --- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau --- Qinghai-Xizang Plateau --- Qingzang Gaoyuan --- Tibet, Plateau of (China) --- Tibetan Highland --- Tibetan Plateau --- Xizang Gaoyuan --- Karakorams --- Karakorum Range --- Muztagh-Karakoram --- Himalaya --- Himalaya Range --- Himalayan Chain --- Himalayan Mountains --- Himalayas --- Continental drift. --- Mountains. --- Geology, Structural. --- Hills --- Mountain peaks --- Mountain ranges --- Mountain ridges --- Mounts (Mountains) --- Orography --- Orology --- Peaks --- Pinnacles --- Ranges, Mountain --- Ridges, Mountain --- Summits (Mountains) --- Uplands --- Continental displacement --- Drift, Continental --- Drifting of continents --- Tibetan Plateau.

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The principal aim of this book is to provide a wide range of information and a useful reference for researchers interested to investigate heavy mineral assemblages in different geological settings and for a variety of purposes. The methodological developments achieved in recent years for the identification of heavy minerals in a wide grain-size range are illustrated. All factors that affect heavy mineral concentration and relative proportions, including hydraulic sorting, mechanical abrasion, chemical weathering, and post-depositional dissolution, and all factors able to introduce analytical, environmental, or diagenetic bias are thoroughly addressed. A proper integration of multiple techniques including bulk sediment, multi-mineral, and single-mineral methods are discussed by renowned authors in their invited contributions.

heavy minerals --- correlation --- North Sea --- Jurassic --- Triassic --- Carboniferous --- Devonian --- relative and absolute abundances --- sampling strategy --- size-window for analysis --- heavy mineral point-counting --- provenance and plate-tectonic setting --- chemical weathering --- hydraulic sorting --- recycling --- diagenesis --- sediment --- provenance --- statistics --- zircon --- point counting --- petrography --- mineral grains composition --- surface textures --- sources --- WNW Portuguese Continental Margin --- Raman spectroscopy --- sedimentary provenance --- automatization --- heavy mineral --- Pliocene --- the Changjiang Delta --- amphibole --- surface texture --- garnet --- epidote --- pyroxene --- provenance tracers --- varietal studies --- mineral chemistry --- semi-automated Raman counting --- Ladakh-Kohistan arcs --- Himalaya --- Nanga Parbat --- Karakorum --- Indus river --- amphiboles --- tremolite --- actinolite --- provenance analysis --- tectonic versus climatic control --- early-middle Pleistocene transition --- Yellow River terraces --- Lanzhou (northern China) --- sieving of fine silt --- fallacy of laser granulometry --- benthic foraminifera --- Ganga–Brahmaputra river system --- Bay of Bengal --- Himalayan orogen --- bulk-sediment petrography --- bulk-sediment geochemistry --- selective entrainment --- suspension sorting --- chemical indices of weathering --- sediment budgets --- Brahmaputra River --- Ganga River --- handbook for laboratory procedures --- nontoxic heavy liquids --- wet sieving of silt --- zircon separation --- heavy-mineral mounts --- n/a --- Ganga-Brahmaputra river system