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Oral health is general health. If the oral cavity is kept healthy, the whole body is always healthy. Bacteria in the oral cavity do not stay in the oral cavity, but rather they travel throughout the body and can induce various diseases. Periodontal pathogens are involved in tooth loss. The number of remaining teeth decreases with age. People with more residual teeth can bite food well and live longer with lower incidence of dementia. There are many viruses in the oral cavity that also cause various diseases. Bacteria and viruses induce and aggravate inflammation, and therefore should be removed from the oral cavity. In the natural world, there are are many as yet undiscovered antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory substances. These natural substances, as well as chemically modified derivatives, help our oral health and lead us to more fulfilling, high quality lives. This Special Issue, entitled “Biological Efficacy of Natural and Chemically Modified Products against Oral Inflammatory Lesions”, was written by specialists from a diverse variety of fields. It serves to provide readers with up-to-date information on incidence rates in each age group, etiology and treatment of stomatitis, and to investigate the application of such treatments as oral care and cosmetic materials.

gargle --- oral lichen planus --- angiotensin II blocker --- quantitative structure-activity relationship --- metabolomics --- CCN2 --- anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) --- oral cell --- arachidonic acid cascade --- Kampo medicine --- lignin-carbohydrate complex --- traditional medicine --- eugenol --- QSAR analysis --- constituent plant extract --- polyphenol --- benzaldehyde --- glucosyltransferase --- infective endocarditis --- antiviral --- periodontitis --- nutritionally variant streptococci --- Kampo --- quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis --- traditional Japanese herbal medicine --- technical terms --- allergic rhinitis --- nasal epithelial cell --- antimicrobial susceptibilities --- alkaline extract --- mastic --- stomatitis --- thioredoxin --- production --- oral microbiota --- Jixueteng --- oral inflammation --- random forest --- mice --- chromone --- natural products --- Chinese herbal remedies --- inflammation --- quercetin --- in vivo --- kampo formula --- glucocorticoids --- Hangeshashinto --- recurrent aphthous stomatitis --- anti-osteoclast activity --- cytotoxicity --- dental application --- tongue diagnosis --- natural product --- alkaloids --- inflammatory disease --- pathogenic factors --- increase --- machine learning --- human virus --- cepharanthin --- mucositis --- oral diseases --- Juzentaihoto --- in vitro --- herbal medicine --- tumour-specificity