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A critical evaluation of individualism, collectivism and collective action
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ISBN: 9789523590366 Year: 2022 Publisher: Tampere, Finland : Tampere University Press,

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Abstract

Tämän vertailevan tutkimuksen tavoitteena on luoda syvempää ymmärrystä kollektivismista, ammattiyhdistystoiminnasta ja kyvystä luoda kollektiivista toimintaa käyttäen Suomea ja Kambodzhaa esimerkkeinä individualistisesta ja kollektivistisesta yhteiskunnasta. Tutkimuksella on kaksi tavoitetta: 1) Tuottaa uutta tietoa ammattiyhdistysten, kollektiivisen toiminnan ja kollektivismin eri muotojen välisistä suhteista Kambodzhassa ja Suomessa. 2) Selittää, millä tavoin kollektivismin taso vaikuttaa ihmisten väliseen yhteistyöhön. Teoksessa tarkastellaan muun muassa poliittista osallistumista, perhearvoja, luottamusta yhteiskunnassa ja koettua kollektiivista tehokkuutta. Tutkimus perustuu Kambodzhasta ja Suomesta kerättyihin laajoihin kyselyaineistoihin.Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys on sosiologinen. Keskeinen analyysin väline on kulttuurinen toimijateoria (Cultural Agency Theory, CAT), joka mallintaa kollektiivisuuden tasoja ja kollektiivisia toimintoja. Sitä voidaan hyödyntää esimerkiksi ammattiyhdistysten tutkimuksessa.Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella Kambodzhassa on paljon vaikeampaa luoda kollektiivista toimintaa perheyhteisön ulkopuolella kuin individualistisena pidetyssä Suomessa. Sekä poliittinen aktiivisuus että kollektiivinen toiminta on Suomessa aktiivisempaa kuin Kambodzhassa. Teos osoittaa, että kysymykset individualismista ja kollektiivisuudesta ovat paljon monimutkaisempia kuin yleisesti oletetaan. This comparative study aims to develop a deeper understanding of collectivism, trade unionism, and the capacity to create collective action using Finland and Cambodia as examples of individualistic and collectivistic societies, respectively.The study has two goals: 1) To explore the relationship between collective action, and the level and forms of collectivism in Cambodia and in Finland. 2) To explain if and how the level of collectivism affects the degree of cooperation inside the living system. Phenomena such as political participation, family values, levels of trust within the society, and perceived collective efficacy are examined. The study is based on extensive survey data collected in Cambodia and Finland.The theoretical framework is sociological, involving the study of social systems within which observed regularities emerge and evolve through collaborative and collective behaviour. This approach also entails the personality systems of individual actors and the cultural system built into their actions. The main analytical tool used in the study is the Cultural Agency Theory (CAT).Significant differences were found in how individuals behave at the societal level. Collective action and political participation occur at a higher level in Finland compared to Cambodia. The results also show that the question of individualism versus collectivism is more complex than is generally believed.


Book
An Economic History of Cambodia in the Twentieth Century
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ISBN: 997169719X 9971694999 9789971697198 Year: 2010 Publisher: Singapore NUS Press

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While colonization, protracted war and violent revolution are commonly blamed for Cambodia's failure to modernize its economy in the twentieth century, Margaret Slocomb's Economic History of Cambodia in the Twentieth Century questions whether these circumstances changed the underlying structures and relations of production. She also asks whether economic factors in some way instigated war and revolution. In exploring these issues, the book tracks the erratic path taken by Cambodia's political elite and colonial rulers to develop a national economy. The book closes around 2005, by which time Cambodia had be reintegrated into both the regional and into the global economy as a fully-fledged member of the World Trade Organization. Drawing on resources from the State Archives of Cambodia, this book is relevant to investors, aid workers and development specialists seeking to understand the shift from a traditional to a modern market economy.


Book
At the Edge of the Forest : Essays on Cambodia, History, and Narrative in Honor of David Chandler
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1501719203 9781501719202 9780877277767 9780877277460 087727746X 0877277761 Year: 2018 Publisher: Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press,

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Inspired by David Chandler's groundbreaking work on Cambodian attempts to find order in the aftermath of turmoil, these essays explore Cambodian history using a rich variety of sources that cast light on Khmer perceptions of violence, wildness, and order, examining the "forest" and cultured space, and the fraught "edge" where they meet.

Cambodian culture since 1975
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ISBN: 1501723855 9781501723858 9780801429675 0801429676 9780801481734 0801481732 Year: 1994 Publisher: Ithaca Cornell University Press

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Since the civil war of the 1970s, Cambodia has suffered devastating upheavals that killed a million ' people and exiled hundreds of thousands. This book is the first to examine Cambodian culture after the ravages of the Pol Pot regime-and to bear witness to the transformation and persistence of tradition among contemporary Cambodians at home and abroad. Bringing together essays by Khmer and Western scholars in anthropology, linguistics, literature, and ethnomusicology, the volume documents the survival of a culture that many had believed lost. Individual chapters explore such topics as Buddhist belief and practice among refugees in the United States, distinctive features of modern Cambodian novels, the lessons taught by Khmer proverbs, some uses of metaphor by the Khmer Rouge regime, the state of traditional music, the recent revival of a form of traditional theater, the concept of pain in Khmer culture, changing conceptions of gender, and refugees' interpretation of American television. Together the essays map a contemporary Cambodian culture, which, for over two hundred thousand Khmers, is now firmly entwined in the social fabric of the urban West.


Book
Cambodia
Author:
ISBN: 1108590403 110855864X 1108612865 1108457932 9781108612869 9781108590402 9781108558648 9781108457934 Year: 2019 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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Drawing data from multiple sources, Un argues that following the 1993 United Nations intervention to promote democracy, the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) perpetuated a patronage state weak in administrative capacity but strong in coercive capacity. This enabled them to maintain the presence of electoral authoritarianism, but increased political awareness among the public, the rise in political activism among community-based organizations and a united opposition led to the emergence of a counter-movement. Sensing that this counter-movement might be unstoppable, the CPP has returned Cambodia to authoritarianism, a move made possible in part by China's pivot to Cambodia.

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