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Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy, with 81,190 estimated new diagnoses in 2018, in the United States alone. Transurethral resection of the bladder and radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection constitute the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive or very high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, respectively. However, survival expectations have not shown to improve in the last 20 years, and new diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of this potentially lethal disease.

Medicine --- bladder cancer --- robotic-assisted --- open --- radical cystectomy --- survival --- propensity score --- age --- urothelial carcinoma --- outcome --- anesthesia recovery periods --- cognitive impairment --- gamma-cyclodextrins --- neuromuscular blockade --- robotic radical cystectomy --- glycogen --- clear-cell adenocarcinoma --- urinary bladder --- SEER program database --- female --- intracorporeal neobladder --- outcomes --- robotic --- sex-sparing --- methylation --- biomarkers --- FOXA1 --- GATA3 --- KRT20 --- molecular markers --- mRNA --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- PCR --- human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 --- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase --- programmed death ligand-1 --- immunotherapy --- nodal disease --- pN1 --- neoadjuvant --- adjuvant --- chemotherapy --- bladder cancer --- robotic-assisted --- open --- radical cystectomy --- survival --- propensity score --- age --- urothelial carcinoma --- outcome --- anesthesia recovery periods --- cognitive impairment --- gamma-cyclodextrins --- neuromuscular blockade --- robotic radical cystectomy --- glycogen --- clear-cell adenocarcinoma --- urinary bladder --- SEER program database --- female --- intracorporeal neobladder --- outcomes --- robotic --- sex-sparing --- methylation --- biomarkers --- FOXA1 --- GATA3 --- KRT20 --- molecular markers --- mRNA --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- PCR --- human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 --- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase --- programmed death ligand-1 --- immunotherapy --- nodal disease --- pN1 --- neoadjuvant --- adjuvant --- chemotherapy

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy, with 81,190 estimated new diagnoses in 2018, in the United States alone. Transurethral resection of the bladder and radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection constitute the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive or very high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, respectively. However, survival expectations have not shown to improve in the last 20 years, and new diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of this potentially lethal disease.

bladder cancer --- robotic-assisted --- open --- radical cystectomy --- survival --- propensity score --- age --- urothelial carcinoma --- outcome --- anesthesia recovery periods --- cognitive impairment --- gamma-cyclodextrins --- neuromuscular blockade --- robotic radical cystectomy --- glycogen --- clear-cell adenocarcinoma --- urinary bladder --- SEER program database --- female --- intracorporeal neobladder --- outcomes --- robotic --- sex-sparing --- methylation --- biomarkers --- FOXA1 --- GATA3 --- KRT20 --- molecular markers --- mRNA --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- PCR --- human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 --- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase --- programmed death ligand-1 --- immunotherapy --- nodal disease --- pN1 --- neoadjuvant --- adjuvant --- chemotherapy --- n/a

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After our successful first Special Issue about bladder cancer, we proceeded with the second issue. Again, many international scientists submitted their newest research results in that extremely interesting field and followed our call for submissions. It is not only the collection and combination of old and new markers that could develop new possibilities, but also the focus on different classifications and sub-classifications that will unveil new ways in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It seems that the two established diagnostic tools will still play an important role, but new markers and diagnostics tools will present more detailed and more differentiated possibilities in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer. This second Special Issue is full of scientific results that could provide new ways to help patients with instruments for early diagnostics and with predictive and prognostic markers on their way to finding new and personalized strategies for therapy. The editors thank all of the submitting authors for their efforts and time spent on each manuscript. We hope that this Special Issue will prove useful to research work in bladder cancer in the future. We hope that many talented researchers will use multiple forms of art to improve their professional successes and to ameliorate diagnostics and therapy in bladder cancer.

Metallothionein --- urothelium --- urothelial cancer --- cadmium exposure --- zinc transporter --- bladder --- TAGLN --- F-actin --- PTEN --- p53 --- tumorigenesis --- proliferation --- invasion --- TERT promoter mutations --- FGFR3 --- non muscle invasive bladder cancer --- BCG therapy --- bladder cancer --- JAK-STAT pathway --- combination therapy --- oncolytic adenovirus --- virotherapy --- STAT3/5 inhibitor --- JAK inhibitor --- XVir-N-31 --- bladder cancer detection --- urinary biomarkers --- DNA methylation --- ECRG4 --- ITIH5 --- n/a --- biomarker --- cancer --- grade --- metabolomics --- MS --- NMR --- biomarkers --- tumor markers --- prognosis --- heparanase --- syndecan-1 --- heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) --- urothelial carcinoma --- miRNA --- quantitative PCR --- tumor marker --- voided urine cytology --- KDM7A --- histone demethylase --- TC-E 5002 --- androgen receptor --- drug resistance --- non-invasive detection --- telomerase --- somatic mutations --- TERT promoter region --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- chemotherapy --- immunotherapy --- personalized medicine --- predictive biomarker --- survivin --- BIRC5 --- macrophage --- KRT20 --- ERBB2 --- MIBC --- prediction --- RT-qPCR --- adjuvant chemotherapy --- survival