Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The unprecedented expansion in environmental regulation over the past thirty years-at all levels of government-signifies a transformation of our nation's laws that is both palpable and encouraging. Environmental laws now affect almost everything we do, from the cars we drive and the places we live to the air we breathe and the water we drink. But while enormous strides have been made since the 1970's, gaps in the coverage, implementation, and enforcement of the existing laws still leave much work to be done. In The Making of Environmental Law, Richard J. Lazarus offers a new interpretation of the past three decades of this area of the law, examining the legal, political, cultural, and scientific factors that have shaped-and sometimes hindered-the creation of pollution controls and natural resource management laws. He argues that in the future, environmental law must forge a more nuanced understanding of the uncertainties and trade-offs, as well as the better-organized political opposition that currently dominates the federal government. Lazarus is especially well equipped to tell this story, given his active involvement in many of the most significant moments in the history of environmental law as a litigator for the Justice Department's Environment and Natural Resources Division, an assistant to the Solicitor General, and a member of advisory boards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the World Wildlife Fund, and the Environmental Defense Fund. Ranging widely in his analysis, Lazarus not only explains why modern environmental law emerged when it did and how it has evolved, but also points to the ambiguities in our current situation. As the field of environmental law "grays" with middle age, Lazarus's discussions of its history, the lessons learned from past legal reforms, and the challenges facing future lawmakers are both timely and invigorating.

Environmental law --- Environmental protection --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental quality --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Sustainable development --- History. --- Law and legislation --- regulation, government, law, legislation, environmentalism, environment, nature, pollution, clean water, implementation, enforcement, legal, natural resources, management, reform, preservation, conservation, environmental defense fund, world wildlife, justice department, epa, ecology, commercial fishing, wetlands, habitat, ocean health, development, endangered species, nonfiction, science, climate change, global warming.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"Antitrust enforcement has long been focused on price competition-approving or denying mergers based on whether or not it would create or reduce opportunities for consumers to be able to "shop around" for the lowest prices when it comes to internet access, cable subscriptions, airfare, and so on. It is relatively easy to evaluate price impacts-these are qualitative measures and economic theory presents many tools to be able to do so. However, the impact of antitrust policy on innovation is much less well known, and harder to study. Was Microsoft abusing a monopoly by bundling a web browser with its operating system? Would a merger of Genzyme and Novazyme, the only companies with active research and development programs for Pompe Disease promote or delay a cure for this fatal genetic disorder? Is Google's search engine good for consumers or not? This book collects the current state of knowledge about the relationships between market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services, all to provide a clear picture of the challenges of making and enforcing antitrust policy in the digital era. Gilbert addresses the ways in which legal precedents established in the twentieth century no longer hold up in the twenty-first, complicates existing theories by Schumpeter and Arrow about competition, and attempts to make meaning out of the conflicting empirical literature surrounding mergers. Gilbert does not shy away from making recommendations. A few examples: In cases where one firm acquires a competitor, he calls for antitrust enforcement officials and courts to pay more attention to whether acquired firms are successful innovators. In some cases, an incumbent acquiring a new entrant does stymy innovation as there are then fewer firms operating in the same space, but in other cases, people launch start-ups with the hopes of getting bought out by a competitor, and so prohibiting acquisition of a competing firm could limit the number of innovative new companies that are launched. He also discusses the role of interoperability standards in promoting innovation on the one hand, through the economies of scale allowable by knowing that components developed can be used across a number of devices, but also its role in limiting innovation when dominant firms coalesce around a standard that is unreachable by competitors. Gilbert's main argument is that existing antitrust law is flexible enough to be relevant in the digital era, but courts must stop focusing almost exclusively on questions of price and consider a broader range of questions regarding competition and innovation"--

High technology industries. --- Competition. --- Antitrust law --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Economic aspects. --- Law and legislation --- Acquisition of corporations --- Acquisitions and mergers --- Amalgamation of corporations --- Business combinations --- Business mergers --- Buyouts, Corporate --- Corporate acquisitions --- Corporate buyouts --- Corporate mergers --- Corporate takeovers --- Corporations --- Fusion of corporations --- Hostile takeovers of corporations --- M & A (Mergers and acquisitions of corporations) --- Merger of corporations --- Mergers and acquisitions of corporations --- Mergers, Corporate --- Takeovers, Corporate --- Corporate reorganizations --- Golden parachutes (Executive compensation) --- Industrial concentration --- Trusts, Industrial --- Anti-trust law --- Competition --- Competition law --- Commercial law --- Trade regulation --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Industries --- Consolidation --- Mergers --- Law --- Economic aspects --- competition --- innovation --- antitrust --- mergers --- acquisitions --- research and development --- R&D --- monopoly --- antitrust policy --- Google --- Microsoft --- European Commission --- Justice Department --- FTC --- Arrow --- Schumpeter --- ECONOMICS/Industrial Organization --- BUSINESS/Innovation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

America's market-based health care system, unique among the nations of the world, is in large part the product of an obscure, yet profound, revolution that overthrew the medical monopoly in the late 1970's. In this lucid, balanced account, Carl F. Ameringer tells how this revolution came into being when the U.S. Supreme Court and Congress prompted the antitrust agencies of the federal government-the Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department-to change the rules of the health care system. Ameringer lays out the key events that led up to this regime change; explores its broader social, political, and economic contexts; examines the views of both its proponents and opponents; and considers its current trajectory.

Medical care --- Health care reform --- Finance --- History --- United States. --- American Medical Association --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- A.M.A. (American Medical Association) --- AMA (American Medical Association) --- 美國醫學會 --- National Medical Association (1847- ) --- FTC --- Federal Trade Commission (U.S.) --- Federalʹnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ komissii︠a︡ SShA --- Interstate Trade Commission, 1914 --- History, 20th Century --- Health Policy --- Economic Competition --- Antitrust Laws --- Health Care Reform --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Public health --- history --- Healthcare Reform --- Health Care Reforms --- Healthcare Reforms --- Reform, Health Care --- Reform, Healthcare --- Reforms, Health Care --- Reforms, Healthcare --- Antitrust Liability --- Sherman Antitrust Act --- Act, Sherman Antitrust --- Antitrust Act, Sherman --- Antitrust Law --- Antitrust Liabilities --- Law, Antitrust --- Laws, Antitrust --- Liabilities, Antitrust --- Liability, Antitrust --- Commerce --- Competition, Economic --- Competitions, Economic --- Economic Competitions --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policies, National --- Health Policy, National --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, National Health --- Policy, Health --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- American Medical Association. --- Healthcare Policy --- Healthcare Policies --- Policy, Healthcare --- Ittiḥādīyah-ʼi Pizishkān-i Amrīkā --- اتحاديۀ پزشکان امريکا --- HEALTH CARE REFORM -- 930.300 --- USA -- 930.300 --- 1970s. --- america. --- american economy. --- antitrust agencies. --- business economics. --- doctors. --- economic system. --- economics. --- federal government. --- federal trade commission. --- health and medicine. --- health care professionals. --- health care system. --- health care. --- justice department. --- legal. --- market based health care. --- medical professionals. --- medical revolution. --- modern medicine. --- nonfiction. --- political. --- social change. --- united states congress. --- united states. --- us supreme court.