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Imperative sentences usually occur in speech acts such as orders, requests, and pleas. However, they are also used to give advice, and to grant permission, and are sometimes found in advertisements, good wishes and conditional constructions. Yet, the relationship between the form of imperatives, and the wide range of speech acts in which they occur, remains unclear, as do the ways in which semantic theory should handle imperatives. This book is the first to look systematically at both the data and the theory. The first part discusses data from a large set of languages, including many outside the Indo-European family, and analyses in detail the range of uses to which imperatives are put, paying particular attention to controversial cases. This provides the empirical background for the second part, where the authors offer an accessible, comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the major theoretical accounts of imperative semantics and pragmatics.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Imperative. --- Mood --- Verb --- Linguistics --- Philology

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This is the first cross-linguistic study of imperatives, and commands of other kinds, across the world's languages. It makes a significant and original contribution to the understanding of their morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics. The author discusses the role imperatives and commands play in human cognition and how they are deployed in different cultures, and in doing so offers fresh insights on patterns of human interaction and communcation.Alexandra Aikhenvald examines the ways of framing commands, or command strategies, in languages that do not have special i

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Grammar --- Grammar, Polyglot --- Polyglot grammar --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Imperative. --- Grammars. --- Mood --- Verb --- Linguistics --- Philology

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This volume contains ten articles exploring a wide range of issues in the analysis of the imperative clause from a generative perspective. The language data investigated in detail in the articles come from Dutch, English, German, (old) Scandinavian, Spanish, and South Slavic; there is further significant discussion of data from other Germanic and Romance languages. The phenomena addressed (in several cases in more than one article, leading to some lively debate about contentious issues) include the following: the nature and interpretation of imperative subjects; the properties of participial imperatives; clitic behavior; restrictions on topicalization; word order; null arguments; negative imperatives; and imperatives in embedded clauses. The volume has a substantial introduction, sketching the results of earlier generative work on the topic (most of it scattered across disparate outlets), the issues left open by this earlier work, and the contribution to further insight and understanding made by the book's articles.

Generative grammar. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Clauses. --- Imperative. --- Generative grammar --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Clauses --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Psycholinguistics --- Imperative --- Mood --- Verb --- Sentences --- Syntax --- Derivation --- Linguistics --- Philology

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Imperative clauses are recognized as one of the major clause types alongside those known as declarative and interrogative. Nevertheless, they are still an enigma in the study of meaning, which relies largely on either the concept of truth conditions or the concept of information growth—neither of which are easily applied to imperatives. This book puts forward a fresh perspective. It analyzes imperatives in terms of modalized propositions, and identifies an additional, presuppositional, meaning component that makes an assertive interpretation inappropriate. The author shows how these two elements can help explain the varied effects imperatives have, depending on their usage context. Imperatives have been viewed as elusive components of language because they have a range of functions that makes them difficult to unify theoretically. This fresh view of the semantics-pragmatics interface allows for a uniform semantic analysis while accounting for the pragmatic versatility of imperatives.  .

Grammar, Comparative and general -- Clauses. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Imperative. --- Language and languages -- Imperative. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Imperative --- Clauses --- Imperative. --- Clauses. --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Linguistics. --- Semantics. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Philosophy. --- Sentences --- Syntax --- Mood --- Verb --- Linguistics --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Language and languages—Philosophy.

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English language --- Grammar --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Commands (Logic) --- Imperative --- -Semantics (Philosophy) --- Intension (Philosophy) --- Logical semantics --- Semantics (Logic) --- Semeiotics --- Significs --- Syntactics --- Unified science --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logical positivism --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Definition (Philosophy) --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Imperatives (Logic) --- Logic --- Grammar, Comparative --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Mood --- Verb --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Imperative