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This volume includes contributions presented at two conferences, in Mainz and Jerusalem, and presents new discoveries of binding fragments in several European libraries and archives and abroad. It presents newly discovered texts with unknown Jewish writings from the Middle Ages and analyses fragments of well-known texts, such as textual witnesses of Midrashim. One chapter overviews recent discoveries in certain collections, some of them far beyond the geographical horizon of the original project, but certainly all of European origin. Other chapters study palaeographical and codicological issues of manuscript fragments and Ashkenazic inscriptions. A final article refers to the beginnings of scholarly interest in Hebrew binding fragments in Germany and sheds light on the part played by Christian Hebraists in its development.

Jewish historians

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Jewish historians --- Jews

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Jewish historians --- Jews --- History --- Philosophy

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Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi naît dans le Bronx en 1932, au sein d'une famille d'émigrants juifs de Russie, et meurt à Manhattan en 2009. Après avoir enseigné à Harvard University, il occupe jusqu'en 2009 la chaire d'histoire juive de l'université de Columbia. Il a consacré l'essentiel de son travail à l'étude du judaïsme séfarade et des marranes, ces juifs convertis au catholicisme qui continuaient à pratiquer secrètement leur ancienne religion. S'il faisait des marranes sa spécialité, Yerushalmi se voulait pourtant "historien des juifs" à part entière : la dualité dans laquelle les conversos étaient contraints de vivre leur foi dans la péninsule Ibérique n'était pas, à le lire, sans rapport ni continuité avec la condition juive moderne, qu'elle pouvait éclairer. Selon lui, l'identité juive contemporaine n'est plus tant une question d'héritage qu'une question de choix. Ces réflexions pionnières sur la relation à la mémoire, à l'histoire et au passé se traduiront par son essai le plus connu, Zakhor : Histoire juive et mémoire juive (1984), un ouvrage qui, en plus d'influencer significativement les historiens juifs de la génération suivante, servira de référence dans les débats sur la mémoire qui traversent le monde intellectuel au cours des années 1980 et 1990 (Birnbaum, Vidal-Naquet, Wieviorka, etc.). Au début des années 1990, Yerushalmi se penche sur le Moïse de Freud et propose, pour la première fois, une évaluation historienne d'un texte fort débattu, contribuant au lancement d'un large débat de spécialistes autour de la figure de Moïse (avec Derrida notamment). Dans ces entretiens avec sa disciple Sylvie Anne Goldberg, il revient sur sa vie, sur la tension entre la mémoire collective d'un peuple et l'analyse prosaïque des faits.

Jewish historians. --- Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim, --- Jews --- Judaism --- Jewish historians --- Juifs --- Judaïsme --- Historiography. --- Historiographie

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Prophets of the Past is the first book to examine in depth how modern Jewish historians have interpreted Jewish history. Michael Brenner reveals that perhaps no other national or religious group has used their shared history for so many different ideological and political purposes as the Jews. He deftly traces the master narratives of Jewish history from the beginnings of the scholarly study of Jews and Judaism in nineteenth-century Germany; to eastern European approaches by Simon Dubnow, the interwar school of Polish-Jewish historians, and the short-lived efforts of Soviet-Jewish historians; to the work of British and American scholars such as Cecil Roth and Salo Baron; and to Zionist and post-Zionist interpretations of Jewish history. He also unravels the distortions of Jewish history writing, including antisemitic Nazi research into the "Jewish question," the Soviet portrayal of Jewish history as class struggle, and Orthodox Jewish interpretations of history as divinely inspired. History proved to be a uniquely powerful weapon for modern Jewish scholars during a period when they had no nation or army to fight for their ideological and political objectives, whether the goal was Jewish emancipation, diasporic autonomy, or the creation of a Jewish state. As Brenner demonstrates in this illuminating and incisive book, these historians often found legitimacy for these struggles in the Jewish past.

Jews --- Judaism --- Jewish historians. --- Historians, Jewish --- Historians --- History --- Historiography.