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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Dutch diplomats, scholars and travellers assembled unique collections in Jeddah, Mecca and Medina. The Dutch presence in Arabia, where they established a consulate in Jeddah, was intimately connected with the supervision of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca from the Netherlands East Indies, present-day Indonesia. Notable guests at this consulate included the formidable Dutch Islamicist Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, visiting Arabia in 1884-1885. With the invaluable help of local Muslims, Dutch collectors tried to capture the essence of what they regarded as an 'authentic' Oriental culture in a period when Arabia was already looking towards modernity. These extensive collections are now preserved at the Leiden Museum of Ethnology (Museum Volkenkunde, est. 1837) and Leiden University (founded 1575). Together, they allow a glimpse into a colourful and vibrant society, one virtually vanished today under ever-growing numbers of pilgrims, changing political and religious allegiances and sudden economic prosperity.

History of Asia --- Islam --- collectors --- costume [mode of fashion] --- manuscripts [documents] --- pilgrimages --- Jeddah --- Mecca --- Saudi-Arabia

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Sociology of religion --- Islam --- Sociology of culture --- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation [Jeddah] --- Islam and state. --- Relations. --- Organisation of Islamic Conference --- History. --- Islamic countries --- Foreign relations

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For many people, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia evokes images of deserts, camels, and oil, along with rich sheikh in white robes, oppressed women in black veils, and terrorists. But when Loring Danforth traveled through the country in 2012, he found a world much more complex and inspiring than he could have ever imagined. With vivid descriptions and moving personal narratives, Danforth takes us across the Kingdom, from the headquarters of Saudi Aramco, the country's national oil company on the Persian Gulf, to the centuries-old city of Jeddah on the Red Sea coast with its population of undocumented immigrants from all over the Muslim world. He presents detailed portraits of a young woman jailed for protesting the ban on women driving, a Sufi scholar encouraging Muslims and Christians to struggle together with love to know God, and an artist citing the Quran and using metal gears and chains to celebrate the diversity of the pilgrims who come to Mecca.Crossing the Kingdom paints a lucid portrait of contemporary Saudi culture and the lives of individuals, who like us all grapple with modernity at the dawn of the twenty-first century.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- Saudi Arabia --- Description and travel. --- 20th century. --- 21st century. --- ancient cities. --- ancient ruins. --- camel. --- contemporary. --- current affairs. --- desert. --- foreign country. --- immigrants. --- immigration. --- jeddah. --- kingdom. --- law and order. --- middle east. --- middle eastern culture. --- modern world. --- muslim world. --- muslim. --- natural resources. --- natural world. --- oil. --- oppressed women. --- persian gulf. --- personal narrative. --- prisons. --- protest. --- red sea. --- saudi arabia. --- saudi culture. --- social science. --- sufi. --- travel memoir. --- travel. --- traveler. --- true story. --- womens rights.

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Art --- paintings [visual works] --- prints [visual works] --- photographs --- sculpture [visual works] --- installations [visual works] --- video art --- performance art --- mixed media --- fiber art --- Samra, al, Faisal --- Alem, Shadia --- Bell, Larry --- Denny, Simon --- Esid, Osama --- Gerrard, John --- Huang Rui --- Melehi, Mohammed --- Shao, Fan --- Long, Richard --- Wang Luyan --- Wang Yuping --- Wekua, Andro --- Xu Bing --- Yanagi, Yukinori --- Zhang Peili --- Tanaka, Koki --- Wang, Sishun --- Al Dowayan, Manal --- Mater, Ahmed --- Strachan, Tavares --- Si-Qin, Timur --- Lek, Lawrence --- Nabuqi --- Malluh, Maha --- Al Qadiri, Monira --- Alsaud, Jowhara --- Yuan, Zheng --- Saleem, Al, Mohammed --- Daydban, Ayman Yossri --- Hejailan, Al, Fahad --- Hammas, Abdullah --- Jeraibi, Al, Mahdi --- Mosli, Munira --- Oppenheimer, Geof --- Dessouki, El, Ibrahim --- Mulindwa, Peter --- Awartani, Dana --- Ghamdi, Al, Zahrah --- Nazer, Filwa --- Sale, Al, Daniah --- Lei, Lei --- Mi, Chai --- Shashai, Al, Rashed --- Zhao, Zou --- Payano, Miguel Angel [Jr.] --- Abdallah, Abu, Sarah --- Hassan, Al-, Ghada --- Othman, Al, Abdullah --- Mugait, Al, Marwah --- Chinnery, Colin Siyuan --- Zedani, Ayman --- Shono, Muhannad --- Brahim, Sarah --- Fahad, Bin, Sultan --- Abduljawad, Omar --- Hamoud, Al-, Lulwah --- Mangyun, Han --- Kentridge, William --- Morris, Sarah --- Laib, Wolfgang --- Bricklab [Jeddah] --- Mammafotogramma [Milan] --- Birdhead --- Superstudio