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"A provocative new history of liberalism that also provides a roadmap for today's liberalsFreedom from Fear offers a striking new account of the dominant political and social theory of our time: liberalism. In a pathbreaking reframing of the historical debate, Alan Kahan charts the development of Western liberalism from the late eighteenth century to the present. Examining key liberal thinkers and issues, Kahan shows how liberalism is both a response to fear and a source of hope: the search for a world in which no one need be afraid.Freedom from Fear reveals how liberal arguments typically rely on three pillars: freedom, markets, and morals. But when liberals ignore one or more of these pillars, their arguments generally fail to persuade. Extending from Adam Smith and Montesquieu to today's battles between liberals and populists, the book examines the twists and turns of the "incomplete" or unfinished liberal tradition while demonstrating its fundamental continuity. It combines fresh accounts of familiar figures such as Tocqueville and Rawls with discussions of less-famous but pivotal thinkers such as A. V. Dicey and Jane Addams, and explores how liberals have dealt with crucial issues, from debates over male and female suffrage to colonialism and liberal anti-Catholicism.By transforming our understanding of the history of liberal thought and practice, Freedom from Fear provides a new picture of the political creed today: the paths liberals need to follow, the questions they need to answer, and the dead ends they must avoid-if they are to win"-- "A new history of liberalism which argues that liberalism has been predicated on definite morality and should be viewed as an attempt to encompass both fear and hope. Liberalism, argues Alan Kahan, is the search for a society in which people need not be afraid. Freedom from fear is the most basic freedom. If we are afraid, we are not free. These insights, found in Montesquieu and Judith Shklar, are the foundation of liberalism. What liberals fear has changed over time (revolution, reaction, totalitarianism, religious fanaticism, poverty, and now populism) but the great majority of liberal thinkers have relied on three pillars to ward off their fears and to limit the concentrated power that causes fear: freedom, markets, and morals, or, to put it another way, politics, economics, and religion or morality. Most liberal thinkers emphasize one or two pillars more than another, but it is typical of liberalism down to the Second World War to rely on all three, although there were always minority voices who preferred to stand on only one leg. After WWII, "thin" procedural/market liberals, who wanted to strip any moral or religious basis or purpose from liberalism, dominated "thick" liberal moralists, who thought liberalism needed a moral basis and/or goal. It is the political contention of this book that liberalism is most convincing as program, language, and social analysis when it relies on all three pillars, and that the relative weakness of liberalism at the end of the twentieth century had much to do with neglect of the moral pillar of liberalism. Its historical contention is that for much of the past two centuries it did rely on all three pillars. But Kahan also argues that liberalism is not only a party of fear. It is also a party of hope, or the party of progress. Many of the contradictions typical of liberalism derive from the seemingly contradictory effort to encompass both hope and fear. If in case of conflict fear often trumps hope for liberals (loss aversion applies in politics as much as in economics), and utopia is subject to indefinite postponement, progress in personal autonomy and development has always been at the heart of liberalism. Liberals typically support their hopes on the same three pillars of freedom, markets, and morals which they use to ward off their fears. Nevertheless, in one respect those historians and political theorists who identify liberalism with laissez-faire economics are not wrong. It is characteristic of liberalism then that it bases its hopes not on the state but on civil society, which for liberals is the common source of a free politics, a free market, and of morals. Alan S. Kahan is Professor of History at the Universite de Versailles. His previous books include Tocqueville, Democracy, and Religion: Checks and Balances for Democratic Souls (Oxford 2015), Alexis de Tocqueville (Continuum Books) and Mind vs Money: The War Between Intellectuals and Capitalism (Transaction Publishing, 2010)"--

Liberalism --- State, The. --- History. --- A. V. Dicey. --- Bastiat. --- Benjamin Constant. --- Hayek. --- J. S. Mill. --- James Madison. --- Jane Addams Adam Smith. --- John Rawls. --- Liberalism. --- Montesquieu. --- Nozick. --- Tocqueville. --- classical liberalism. --- history of political thought. --- intellectual history. --- political theory: libertarianism. --- populism.

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Jane Addams was the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Now Citizen, Louise W. Knight's masterful biography, reveals Addams's early development as a political activist and social philosopher. In this book we observe a powerful mind grappling with the radical ideas of her age, most notably the ever-changing meanings of democracy. Citizen covers the first half of Addams's life, from 1860 to 1899. Knight recounts how Addams, a child of a wealthy family in rural northern Illinois, longed for a life of larger purpose. She broadened her horizons through education, reading, and travel, and, after receiving an inheritance upon her father's death, moved to Chicago in 1889 to co-found Hull House, the city's first settlement house. Citizen shows vividly what the settlement house actually was-a neighborhood center for education and social gatherings-and describes how Addams learned of the abject working conditions in American factories, the unchecked power wielded by employers, the impact of corrupt local politics on city services, and the intolerable limits placed on women by their lack of voting rights. These experiences, Knight makes clear, transformed Addams. Always a believer in democracy as an abstraction, Addams came to understand that this national ideal was also a life philosophy and a mandate for civic activism by all. As her story unfolds, Knight astutely captures the enigmatic Addams's compassionate personality as well as her flawed human side. Written in a strong narrative voice, Citizen is an insightful portrait of the formative years of a great American leader. "Knight's decision to focus on Addams's early years is a stroke of genius. We know a great deal about Jane Addams the public figure. We know relatively little about how she made the transition from the 19th century to the 20th. In Knight's book, Jane Addams comes to life. . . . Citizen is written neither to make money nor to gain academic tenure; it is a gift, meant to enlighten and improve. Jane Addams would have understood."-Alan Wolfe, New York Times Book Review "My only complaint about the book is that there wasn't more of it. . . . Knight honors Addams as an American original."-Kathleen Dalton, Chicago Tribune

Women social workers --- Social workers --- Women social reformers --- Social reformers --- Women in charitable work --- Addams, Jane, --- Edems, Dzheyn, --- Addams, Laura Jane, --- Addams, Jane --- United States --- Biography --- jane addams, hull house, poverty, immigration, women, gender, activism, philosophy, democracy, nobel peace prize, wealth, class, rural, illinois, chicago, city, urban, immigrants, settlement, neighborhood, community, education, working conditions, labor, corruption, suffrage, history, politics, nonfiction, equality, feminism, social workers, reform, citizenship, leadership.

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"This book shows how imperialism molded American religion-both the category of religion and the traditions designated as religions-and reveals the multifaceted roles of American religions in structuring, enabling, surviving, and resisting the U.S. Empire"--

Imperialism. --- Religion. --- Religion and politics. --- United States. --- États-Unis --- United States --- Religion. --- Religion. --- Africa. --- African American Christianity. --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. --- Anishinaabe. --- Armstrong. --- Catholic. --- Celestine Edwards. --- Chicago. --- Christianity. --- Committee on Cooperation in Latin America (CCLA). --- Diné Bikéyah. --- Dominican Republic. --- Empire. --- Filipino. --- Haiti. --- Hull House. --- Ida B. Wells-Barnett. --- Indigenous. --- Islam. --- James Jesse Strang. --- Jane Addams. --- Latin America. --- Latter-day Saints (Mormons). --- Liberia. --- Mackinac Island. --- Moros. --- Muslim. --- Native Americans. --- Native. --- Navajo. --- Obeah. --- Odawa. --- Philo Drury. --- Progressivism. --- Protestants. --- Puerto Rico. --- Rebellion. --- Samuel Guy Inman. --- Secularism. --- Sierra Leone. --- Southwest. --- Stono Rebellion. --- Tacky’s Revolt. --- U.S. Empire. --- United States. --- Vietnam. --- West Africa. --- abuse. --- assimilation. --- biopolitics. --- bodies. --- bureaucracy. --- census. --- children. --- citizens. --- civilization. --- data. --- drone. --- equality. --- evangelicalism. --- gender. --- government. --- labor. --- local. --- maps. --- military. --- mission. --- missionaries. --- napalm. --- politics. --- population. --- priests. --- race. --- reform. --- religion. --- residents. --- scandal. --- settler colonialism. --- settlers. --- sexuality. --- slavery. --- soldiers. --- surveys. --- taxation. --- training. --- warfare. --- weapons.

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"Richard Rorty (1931-2007) was among the most influential intellectuals of the latter half of the twentieth century, a thinker whose pragmatist philosophy ranged effortlessly across literature, politics, history, and poetry. To today's wider public Rorty is best known as the philosopher who forewarned of the 2016 US presidential outcome almost two decades in advance when he presciently predicted that a portion of the electorate would "start looking for a strongman to vote for- someone willing to assure them that, once he is elected, the smug bureaucrats, tricky lawyers, overpaid bond salesmen, and postmodernist professors will no longer be calling the shots." Featuring four previously unpublished essays, the writings collected in this volume convey his other prognostications and warnings for contemporary America and the global order-all of which remain surprisingly relevant. What Can We Hope For? showcases Rorty's striking diagnoses of the rising challenges democracies face, at home and abroad, and his timely proposals for how to address them. Written for popular audiences, these essays speak to urgent debates about our collective future, including: the ever-widening economic gap in our societies; the indifference of the rich global north toward the hardships of the poor global south; the populism fueled by sadistic tendencies to stigmatize others based on race, gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation; the lack of international political initiatives for tackling overpopulation and environmental devastation; and the twilight of social utopias. He urges us to put our faith in trade unions and universities, bottom-up social campaigns, and bold political visions that thwart ideological pieties. Admirably clear and always thought-provoking, these essays outline Rorty's strategies-more needful now than ever-for fostering social hope and building an inclusive global community of trust"--

Democracy. --- Political culture --- A. Philip Randolph. --- Achieving Our Country. --- Activism. --- Advocacy. --- Afterword. --- Agnosticism. --- Allan Bloom. --- American Thinker. --- Analytic philosophy. --- Anti-authoritarianism. --- Authoritarianism. --- Betty Friedan. --- Career. --- Certainty. --- Charles Sanders Peirce. --- Citizenship. --- Conscience. --- Conservatism. --- Consideration. --- Contingency (philosophy). --- Cornel West. --- Critique. --- Cultural diversity. --- Culture of the United States. --- Docudrama. --- Epithet. --- Ethics. --- Ethnic cleansing. --- Ethos. --- Exceptionalism. --- Existence. --- First principle. --- Global Community. --- Global issue. --- Globalization. --- Greatness. --- Grievance. --- Hegemony. --- Identity politics. --- Imagination. --- Imperialism. --- Intellectual. --- Irony. --- Jane Addams. --- Jeremiad. --- John Dewey. --- Jurisprudence. --- Left-wing politics. --- Looking Backward. --- Metaphor. --- Metaphysics. --- Moral universalism. --- Morality. --- Motivation. --- Multiculturalism. --- Name-dropping. --- Narrative. --- National security. --- Nationalism. --- Novelist. --- Patriotism. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophical Inquiry. --- Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. --- Philosophy. --- Political correctness. --- Politics. --- Post-democracy. --- Postmodernism. --- Pragmatism. --- Prediction. --- Premise. --- Principle. --- Public sphere. --- Racism. --- Rationality. --- Realpolitik. --- Reformism. --- Relativism. --- Richard Rorty. --- Self-concept. --- Self-criticism. --- Self-image. --- Social Gospel. --- Social Security Administration. --- Social justice. --- Society of the United States. --- Superiority (short story). --- Teach-in. --- Terrorism. --- The Establishment. --- The Philosopher. --- Theology. --- Theory of justification. --- Thought and Action. --- Thought. --- Vocabulary. --- Western world. --- Willard Van Orman Quine. --- Writing.

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The End of American Childhood takes a sweeping look at the history of American childhood and parenting, from the nation's founding to the present day. Renowned historian Paula Fass shows how, since the beginning of the American republic, independence, self-definition, and individual success have informed Americans' attitudes toward children. But as parents today hover over every detail of their children's lives, are the qualities that once made American childhood special still desired or possible? Placing the experiences of children and parents against the backdrop of social, political, and cultural shifts, Fass challenges Americans to reconnect with the beliefs that set the American understanding of childhood apart from the rest of the world.Fass examines how freer relationships between American children and parents transformed the national culture, altered generational relationships among immigrants, helped create a new science of child development, and promoted a revolution in modern schooling. She looks at the childhoods of icons including Margaret Mead and Ulysses S. Grant-who, as an eleven-year-old, was in charge of his father's fields and explored his rural Ohio countryside. Fass also features less well-known children like ten-year-old Rose Cohen, who worked in the drudgery of nineteenth-century factories. Bringing readers into the present, Fass argues that current American conditions and policies have made adolescence socially irrelevant and altered children's road to maturity, while parental oversight threatens children's competence and initiative.Showing how American parenting has been firmly linked to historical changes, The End of American Childhood considers what implications this might hold for the nation's future.

Children --- Parenting --- Families --- History. --- Adolescence. --- Adoption. --- Adult. --- Advertising. --- African Americans. --- Alexis de Tocqueville. --- American Dream. --- American Vision. --- Americans. --- Aunt. --- Benjamin Spock. --- Bilkent University. --- Birth control. --- Career. --- Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. --- Child abuse. --- Child care. --- Child development. --- Child mortality. --- Child savers. --- Childhood. --- Children's rights. --- Classroom. --- Claude Steele. --- Culture of the United States. --- Developmental psychology. --- Early childhood. --- Edith Abbott. --- Erik Erikson. --- G. Stanley Hall. --- Gender role. --- Grace Abbott. --- Grandparent. --- Grief. --- Harriet Beecher Stowe. --- Harvard University Press. --- His Family. --- Household. --- Immigration. --- Indulgence. --- Industrialisation. --- Infant. --- Institution. --- Jane Addams. --- Jews. --- John Dewey. --- Juvenile court. --- Juvenile delinquency. --- Kastamonu University. --- Kate Douglas Wiggin. --- Latin America. --- Lecture. --- Literacy. --- Literature. --- Margaret Mead. --- Marriage. --- Middle class. --- Mother. --- Mrs. --- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. --- National Child Labor Committee. --- Neglect. --- New media. --- Newspaper. --- Obedience (human behavior). --- Of Education. --- Oxford University Press. --- Palo Alto University. --- Parent. --- Parenting. --- Patriarchy. --- Philosopher. --- Physician. --- Politics. --- Popular culture. --- Profession. --- Progressive education. --- Psychiatrist. --- Psychoanalysis. --- Psychologist. --- Psychology. --- Public school (United Kingdom). --- Racial segregation in the United States. --- Requirement. --- Rutgers University. --- Sibling. --- Sigmund Freud. --- Slavery. --- Social science. --- Society of the United States. --- Society. --- Sociology. --- Tel Aviv University. --- To This Day. --- Toilet training. --- University of California, Berkeley. --- University of Victoria. --- Wealth. --- World War II. --- Youth.