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The first English translation of Professor Locher-Scholten's 1994 Dutch text, a study of the reaction to Dutch colonial expansion by the Sumatran sultanate of Jambi. The Dutch text has been called "an excellent teaching tool for work on the Netherlands imperial project " [Locher-Scholten's] extensive archive work, in both Holland and Indonesia, her explicit reference to secondary theoretical works, and her useful lists mean that her analysis is transparent and accessible."

History. --- Political Science & Political History. --- HISTORY / Asia / Southeast Asia. --- Netherlands --- Indonesia --- Jambi (Indonesia : Province) --- Jambi, Indonesia (Propinsi) --- Djambi (Indonesia : Province) --- Sri Indrapura (Indonesia : Province) --- Provinsi Jambi (Indonesia) --- Daerah Tingkat I Jambi (Indonesia) --- Endonèsie --- Indanezii︠a︡ --- Indoneshia --- Indoneshia Kyōwakoku --- Indonesië --- Indonesya --- Indonezia --- Indonezii︠a︡ --- Indonezija --- İndoneziya --- İndoneziya Respublikası --- Indūnīsīyā --- Induonezėjė --- Jumhūrīyah Indūnīsīyā --- PDRI (Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia) --- Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia --- R.I. (Republik Indonesia) --- Republic of Indonesia --- Republic of the United States of Indonesia --- Republica d'Indonesia --- Republiek van Indonesië --- Republik Indonesia --- Republik Indonesia Serikat --- Republika Indonezii︠a︡ --- Republika Indonezija --- Rėspublika Indanezii︠a︡ --- RI (Republik Indonesia) --- United States of Indonesia --- Yinni --- Рэспубліка Інданезія --- Република Индонезия --- Индонезия --- Інданезія --- إندونيسيا --- جمهورية إندونيسيا --- インドネシア --- インドネシア共和国 --- Dutch East Indies --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- Foreign relations

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As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.

carbon storage --- cacao agroforestry --- farmer tree preference --- utility value --- entrainment --- erosion --- forest conversion --- overland flow --- soil macroporosity --- throughfall --- water balance --- boundary work --- ecohydrology --- forest–water–people nexus --- landscape approach --- participatory methods --- scenario evaluation --- social-ecological systems --- tropical forests --- assisted natural regeneration (ANR) --- co-investment --- ecosystem services --- environmental stewardship --- equity --- forest and landscape restoration (FLR) --- rights-based approach --- tree planting --- water --- coffee --- fruit trees --- index of root anchoring --- slope stability --- soil shear strength --- root length density --- root tensile strength --- agroforestry --- carbon sequestration --- climate change mitigation --- grazing management --- land restoration --- nationally determined contribution --- silvopastoral --- tree cover --- cocoa agroforestry --- climate adaptation --- soil restoration --- soil organic carbon --- soil macro-porosity --- soil water availability --- inceptisols --- Fraxinus dimorpha --- soil chemical characteristics --- mycorrhizal attributes --- traditional ecological knowledge --- anastomosis --- agroforest --- silvopasture --- economics --- financial analysis --- carbon payment --- Peru --- innovation transfer --- trimming --- intention --- participatory and integrative research-extension --- stakeholders --- adaptation --- Kisumu --- Bungoma --- payment for ecosystem services --- village savings and loan associations --- fruit tree-based agroforestry --- economic benefits --- farmer perspectives --- resource competition --- systems improvement --- uptake and expansion --- cost-benefit analysis --- landscape restoration --- global --- stocktake --- agroforestry coffee --- shade tree species --- pairwise ranking --- Vietnam --- trees on farm --- options by context --- on-farm planned comparison --- tree seedling survival --- agriculture sector --- cost efficiency --- land suitability --- potential expansion areas --- representative concentration pathway --- cocoa --- Java --- livelihoods --- rural–urban --- remittances --- returning migrants --- Sumatra --- Sulawesi --- certification --- deforestation --- palm oil --- forest classification --- Jambi --- legality --- independent smallholders --- agroforestry concessions --- West Kalimantan --- land-use change --- belowground biodiversity --- soil engineers --- Pontoscolex corethrurus --- natural habitats --- planted forest --- artesian wells --- Oryza --- paddy cultivation --- restoration --- rodents --- sustainable intensification --- Mount Bromo-Tengger --- coinvestment --- instrumental values --- landscape --- relational values --- social–ecological systems --- stewardship --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- trees --- n/a --- forest-water-people nexus --- rural-urban

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In this rich account of a Muslim society in highland Sumatra, Indonesia, John Bowen describes how men and women debate among themselves ideas of what Islam is and should be--as it pertains to all areas of their lives, from work to worship. Whereas many previous anthropological studies have concentrated on the purely local aspects of culture, this book captures and analyzes the tension between the local and universal in everyday life. Current religious differences among the Gayo stem from debates between "traditionalist" and "modernist" scholars that began in the 1930s, and reveal themselves in the ways Gayo discuss and perform worship, sacrifice, healing, and rites of birth and death, all within an Islamic framework. Bowen considers the power these debates accord to language, especially in arguments over spells, rites of farming, hunting, and healing. Moreover, he traces in these debates a general conception of transacting with spirits that has shaped Gayo practices of sacrifice, worship, and aiding the dead. Bowen concludes by examining the development of competing religious ideas in the highlands, the alternative ritual forms and ideas they have pro-mulgated, and the implications of this phenomenon for the emergence of an Islamic public sphere.

Gayos (Indonesian people) --- Religious life and customs --- Islam --- Indonesia --- Sumatra (Indonesia) --- Social life and customs --- Gayos (Indonesian people) - Religious life and customs. --- Islam - Indonesia - Sumatra. --- Sumatra (Indonesia) - Social life and customs. --- Gayo (Indonesian people) --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Gajo (Indonesian people) --- Ethnology --- Religious life and customs. --- Andalas (Indonesia) --- Andalus (Indonesia) --- Pulau Sumatera (Indonesia) --- Sumatera (Indonesia) --- Greater Sunda Islands --- Social life and customs. --- Gayos (peuple d'Indonesie) --- Religieuze aspecten. --- Gayo. --- Riten. --- Islam. --- Religiöses Leben --- Religionssoziologie --- Gayo --- Manners and customs. --- Gayo (Peuple d'Indonesie) --- Islam - Indonesie - Sumatra. --- Gayo (Peuple d'Indonesie) - Vie religieuse. --- Ceremonies --- Customs, Social --- Folkways --- Social customs --- Traditions --- Usages --- Civilization --- Etiquette --- Rites and ceremonies --- Moeurs et coutumes. --- Vie religieuse. --- Gayos (Peuple d'Indonesie) --- Sumatra (Indonesie) --- Sumatra --- Sumatra (Indonesie) - Moeurs et coutumes. --- Dutch East Indies --- Endonèsie --- Indanezii︠a︡ --- Indoneshia --- Indoneshia Kyōwakoku --- Indonesië --- Indonesya --- Indonezia --- Indonezii︠a︡ --- Indonezija --- İndoneziya --- İndoneziya Respublikası --- Indūnīsīyā --- Induonezėjė --- Jumhūrīyah Indūnīsīyā --- PDRI (Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia) --- Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia --- R.I. (Republik Indonesia) --- Republic of Indonesia --- Republic of the United States of Indonesia --- Republica d'Indonesia --- Republiek van Indonesië --- Republik Indonesia --- Republik Indonesia Serikat --- Republika Indonezii︠a︡ --- Republika Indonezija --- Rėspublika Indanezii︠a︡ --- RI (Republik Indonesia) --- United States of Indonesia --- Yinni --- Рэспубліка Інданезія --- Република Индонезия --- Индонезия --- Інданезія --- إندونيسيا --- جمهورية إندونيسيا --- インドネシア --- インドネシア共和国 --- Gajo --- Religion --- Muslim --- Islamische Staaten --- Spezielle Soziologie --- Kirchliches Leben --- Gajo (peuple d'Indonésie) --- Gayos (peuple d'Indonésie) --- Orang Gayo (peuple d'Indonésie) --- Alas --- Ethnologie --- Et l'islam --- Mahométisme --- Femmes et islam --- Interprétations islamiques --- Yézidisme --- Islam et droit --- Ésotérisme islamique --- Islam et laïcité --- Islamophobie --- Musique --- Musulmans --- Presse islamique --- Autorités religieuses --- Califat --- Imāmat --- Liberté d'expression dans l'Islam --- Mahdisme --- Médecine --- Modernisme islamique --- Morale islamique --- Chiisme --- Prédication --- Prophètes pré-islamiques --- Renouveau religieux --- Sectes islamiques --- Soufisme --- Sunna --- Sunnisme --- Symbolisme islamique --- Umma --- Vie religieuse --- Civilisation islamique --- Confréries musulmanes --- Dār al-ḥarb --- Dār al-Islām --- Démonologie islamique --- Dieu --- Foi --- Religions abrahamiques --- Soziologie --- peuple d'Indonésie --- Doctrines --- Réforme --- Sumatera --- Insel --- Große Sundainseln --- Sumatera (Indonésie) --- Padang Lawas (Indonésie) --- Aceh (Indonésie) --- Bengkulu (Indonésie ; province) --- Lampung (Indonésie) --- Minangkabau (Indonésie) --- Barus (Indonésie) --- Jambi (Indonésie ; province) --- Indonésie --- Sonde, Grandes îles de la --- Acehnese language. --- Acehnese. --- Adam. --- Afterbirth. --- Alimin. --- Bani, Aman. --- Books, religious. --- Children of pious deeds. --- Clever Chief. --- Combs-Schilling, Elaine. --- Darul Islam. --- Debates. --- Dewi, Aman. --- Education. --- Faith. --- Fasting. --- Funerals. --- Gayo region. --- Graham, William. --- Hamzah Fansuri. --- Healers. --- Hunting. --- Incense. --- Indonesian state. --- Islamicate culture. --- Java. --- Jukri, Aman. --- Karo Batak. --- Kebayakan. --- Law, on sorcery. --- Letter symbolism. --- Lord of the Fields. --- Lukman. --- Masyumi. --- Mecca. --- Meditation. --- Minangkabau. --- Mosque. --- Nationalism. --- New Guinea. --- PERTI. --- Polytheism. --- Public sphere. --- Rationalization. --- Reason. --- Ritual. --- Sacrifice. --- Satan. --- Siblingship. --- Tengku. --- Ulama. --- Weber, Max. --- Yunus, H. Mahmud. --- Zakāt.