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From 1550 to colonial partition in the mid-1880s, trade was key to Afro-European relations on the western Slave Coast (the coastal areas of modern Togo and parts of what are now Ghana and Benin). This book looks at the commercial relations of two states which played a crucial role in the Atlantic slave trade as well as the trade in ivory and agricultural produce: Hula, known to European traders as Great or Grand Popo (now in Benin) and Ge, known as Little Popo (now in Togo). Situated between the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast to the east, this region was an important supplier of provisions for Europeans and the enslaved Africans they purchased. Also, due to its position in the lagoon system, it facilitated communication along the coast between the trading companies' headquarters on the western Gold Coast and their factories on the eastern Slave Coast, particularly at Ouidah, the Slave Coast's major slave port. In the 19th century, when the trade at more established ports was disrupted by the men-of-war of the British anti-slave trade squadron, the western Slave Coast became a hot-spot of illegal slave trading. Providing a detailed reconstruction of political and commercial developments in the western Slave coast, including the transition from the slave trade to legitimate commerce, this book also reveals the region's position in the wider trans-Atlantic trade network and how cross-cultural partnerships were negotiated; the trade's impact on African coastal 'middlemen' communities; and the relative importance of local and global factors for the history of a region or community. Silke Strickrodt is Research Fellow in Colonial History, German Historical Institute London. She is co-editor (with Robin Law and Suzanne Schwarz) of Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa (James Currey, 2013).
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A comprehensive look at the world of illicit trade Though mankind has traded tangible goods for millennia, recent technology has changed the fundamentals of trade, in both legitimate and illegal economies. In the past three decades, the most advanced forms of illicit trade have broken with all historical precedents and, as Dark Commerce shows, now operate as if on steroids, tied to computers and social media. In this new world of illicit commerce, which benefits states and diverse participants, trade is impersonal and anonymized, and vast profits are made in short periods with limited accountability to sellers, intermediaries, and purchasers.Louise Shelley examines how new technology, communications, and globalization fuel the exponential growth of dangerous forms of illegal trade-the markets for narcotics and child pornography online, the escalation of sex trafficking through web advertisements, and the sale of endangered species for which revenues total in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The illicit economy exacerbates many of the world's destabilizing phenomena: the perpetuation of conflicts, the proliferation of arms and weapons of mass destruction, and environmental degradation and extinction. Shelley explores illicit trade in tangible goods-drugs, human beings, arms, wildlife and timber, fish, antiquities, and ubiquitous counterfeits-and contrasts this with the damaging trade in cyberspace, where intangible commodities cost consumers and organizations billions as they lose identities, bank accounts, access to computer data, and intellectual property.Demonstrating that illicit trade is a business the global community cannot afford to ignore and must work together to address, Dark Commerce considers diverse ways of responding to this increasing challenge.
Advertising. --- Africa. --- Arms industry. --- Auction. --- Backpage. --- Beneficiary. --- Bitcoin. --- Botnet. --- Bribery. --- Business ethics. --- CITES. --- Camorra. --- Child pornography. --- Cigarette smuggling. --- Climate change. --- Cold War. --- Colonialism. --- Commodity. --- Competition. --- Consumer. --- Corruption. --- Counterfeit. --- Credit card. --- Crime. --- Currency. --- Customer. --- Cybercrime. --- Dark web. --- Deforestation. --- Developed country. --- EBay. --- Economic inequality. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Environmental crime. --- Europol. --- Export. --- Facilitator. --- Financial crimes. --- Fraud. --- Funding. --- Global Community. --- Globalization. --- Governance. --- Heroin. --- Human trafficking. --- Illegal drug trade. --- Illegal immigration. --- Illicit financial flows. --- Income. --- Insurgency. --- Intellectual property. --- Ivory trade. --- Latin America. --- Law enforcement. --- Malware. --- Marketing. --- Money laundering. --- Natural resource. --- North Korea. --- Online marketplace. --- Opioid. --- Organized crime. --- Panama Papers. --- Payment system. --- Payment. --- People smuggling. --- Pesticide. --- Piracy. --- Poaching. --- Politician. --- Private sector. --- Prostitution. --- Ransomware. --- Rhinoceros. --- Sex trafficking. --- Sicilian Mafia. --- Slavery. --- Smuggling. --- Supply (economics). --- Supply chain. --- Sustainability. --- Tax evasion. --- Tax. --- Technological revolution. --- Technology. --- Terrorism. --- Theft. --- Trade route. --- Transnational crime. --- Urbanization. --- Vendor. --- Virtual world. --- Volkswagen. --- War. --- Wealth. --- World War II. --- World economy. --- World population. --- Black market. --- Crime and globalization. --- Internet fraud.
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