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Irrigated agriculture is an important strategic sector in Morocco, it accounts for about 45%, on average, of the agricultural Gross Domestic Product, contributing thus to food security and employment. It occupies 15% (about 1.5 million ha) of the total cultivated area in the country. Irrigation scheme managers need to ensure that water is optimally used in the irrigated perimeters and that water shortages are avoided. For large areas under irrigation, this can be achieved through water monitoring at plot level using modeling and satellite-based methodologies. The main objective of this research was to assess the use of optical and radar remote sensing and of crop modeling in the irrigation monitoring and management of wheat in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla. The potential of spectral indices derived from SPOT-5 images was explored for comparing, quantifying and mapping surface water content changes at regional and local levels. Indices were computed using the reflectance in red, near infrared and shortwave infrared bands. Our findings show that the normalized difference water index (NDWIRog) could be used to estimate and map the surface water content of wheat plots, from bare soil to fully covered soil. Backscatter threshold values derived from SAR images were used to detect irrigation water supplies in wheat plots and the optimal acquisition frequency of SAR images was determined in order to ensure continuous monitoring. A field crop model (AquaCrop) was adjusted to simulate durum wheat yields and the temporal evolution of soil moisture status in order to manage and schedule irrigation water supplies and assess their impact on yield. Currently, the approaches described in this paper are being applied independently. This research was intended, therefore, to provide tools to help policy-makers and stakeholders improve irrigation monitoring and mitigate wheat water stress at the field and irrigation perimeter levels in semi-arid areas.

Cultures --- Rétrodiffusion. --- Backscattering --- Wheat --- Irrigation Management --- Irrigation. --- Morocco

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Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage --- Agriculture --- Irrigation --- Irrigation and Drainage --- Irrigation association --- Irrigation associations --- Irrigation departments --- Irrigation infrastructure --- Irrigation Management --- Irrigation Management Transfer --- Irrigation projects --- Participatory irrigation --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Water delivery --- Water Resources --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Systems --- Water Use

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Irrigation -- Environmental aspects. --- Irrigation -- Management. --- Irrigation --- Arid regions agriculture --- Arid regions ecology --- Saline irrigation --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Hydraulic Engineering --- Management --- Management. --- Environmental aspects. --- Water in agriculture --- Chemigation

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Irrigated agriculture, a vital component of general agriculture, supplies fruits, vegetables, and cereals consumed by humans and grains fed to animals. Consequently, agriculture is the largest user of fresh water globally, and irrigation practices in many parts of the world are biologically, economically, and socially unsustainable. Water management should balance the need for agricultural water and the need for a sustainable environment. Water-use efficiency is the prime challenge in worldwide farming practices where problems of water shortages are widespread. Currently, agriculture is undergoing significant changes in innovative irrigation, fertilizer technology, and agronomic expertise. These elements constitute a vital platform for sustainable agricultural success and for preventing environmental damage. This review presents several processes linked to environmental irrigation, balancing environmental protection with improved agricultural production.

Hill farming. --- Irrigation -- Management. --- Irrigation farming. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Agriculture - General --- Sustainable agriculture. --- Water in agriculture. --- Low-input agriculture --- Low-input sustainable agriculture --- Lower input agriculture --- Resource-efficient agriculture --- Sustainable farming --- Life sciences. --- Water-supply. --- Agriculture. --- Life Sciences. --- Water Industry/Water Technologies. --- Water-supply, Agricultural --- Water-supply, Rural --- Alternative agriculture --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities

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This book addresses several issues on water security and governance, helping readers to understand how the desire for water-secure basins can be accomplished through an interplay of water security, water resources management and water policies. The book contains a collection of 12 papers addressing specific as well as interlinked topics within the Special Issue scope. The editors are grateful to all contributors who made the book a reality.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- hydroelectric power --- physicochemical parameters --- Iberian Bio-monitoring Working Party index --- riparian forest quality --- riverbank erosion --- restoration --- bank stabilisation --- vegetation revetment --- Bangladesh --- climate resilience --- flood protection --- machine learning --- socio-environmental impacts --- environmental monitoring --- water quality --- surface water --- groundwater --- drinking water --- water quality management --- TMDL --- E. coli --- water reuse --- water availability --- governance --- oasis irrigation district --- stability evaluation --- suitable scale --- irrigation management --- rice --- percolation --- scale effects --- hydrologic cycle --- water security --- precipitation --- drought --- flood --- transport planning --- research gap --- water strategy --- Azraq Basin --- water management --- water governance --- integrated river basin management --- good governance --- flow --- water discharge --- land use --- land change --- SWAT model --- n/a