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Evolution. Phylogeny --- Molecular biology --- 530.161 --- #WSCH:AAS2 --- Principle of order in sequence of phenomena. Irreversibility. Heat death --- Molecular evolution. --- Genetic translation. --- 530.161 Principle of order in sequence of phenomena. Irreversibility. Heat death --- Molecular evolution --- Genetic translation --- Traduction génétique --- Evolution moléculaire --- Biochemical evolution --- Chemical evolution --- Evolution --- Life --- Translation (Genetics) --- Genetic code --- Genetic regulation --- Origin

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Following the classical work of Norbert Wiener, Ross Ashby, Ludwig von Bertalanffy and many others, the concept of System has been elaborated in different disciplinary fields, allowing interdisciplinary approaches in areas such as Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Cognitive Science, Economics, Engineering, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and Philosophy. The new challenge of Complexity and Emergence has made the concept of System even more relevant to the study of problems with high contextuality. This Special Issue focuses on the nature of new problems arising from the study and modelling of complexity, their eventual common aspects, properties and approaches—already partially considered by different disciplines—as well as focusing on new, possibly unitary, theoretical frameworks. This Special Issue aims to introduce fresh impetus into systems research when the possible detection and correction of mistakes require the development of new knowledge. This book contains contributions presenting new approaches and results, problems and proposals. The context is an interdisciplinary framework dealing, in order, with electronic engineering problems; the problem of the observer; transdisciplinarity; problems of organised complexity; theoretical incompleteness; design of digital systems in a user-centred way; reaction networks as a framework for systems modelling; emergence of a stable system in reaction networks; emergence at the fundamental systems level; behavioural realization of memoryless functions.

Uncertainty --- Noise --- Memory Less Functions --- Self-Organisation --- Complexity --- Design --- Meta-Structures --- Scale Invariance --- Organisations --- Quantum-Like Systems --- Emergence --- Observer --- Cybernetic Approach --- Power Laws --- Reaction Networks --- Simulations --- Uniqueness --- Irreversibility --- Systems --- Incompleteness --- Computation --- Non-Linearity --- Coherence

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Problems in theoretical physics often lead to paradoxical answers; yet closer reasoning and a more complete analysis invariably lead to the resolution of the paradox and to a deeper understanding of the physics involved. Drawing primarily from his own experience and that of his collaborators, Sir Rudolf Peierls selects examples of such "surprises" from a wide range of physical theory, from quantum mechanical scattering theory to the theory of relativity, from irreversibility in statistical mechanics to the behavior of electrons in solids. By studying such surprises and learning what kind of possibilities to look for, he suggests, scientists may be able to avoid errors in future problems. In some cases the surprise is that the outcome of a calculation is contrary to what physical intuition seems to demand. In other instances an approximation that looks convincing turns out to be unjustified, or one that looks unreasonable turns out to be adequate. Professor Peierls does not suggest, however, that theoretical physics is a hazardous game in which one can never foresee the surprises a detailed calculation might reveal. Rather, he contends, all the surprises discussed have rational explanations, most of which are very simple, at least in principle. This book is based on the author's lectures at the University of Washington in the spring of 1977 and at the Institut de Physique Nucleaire, University de Paris-Sud, Orsay, during the winter of 1977-1978.

Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- "Shadow Scattering. --- Angle Operator. --- Bethe-Goldstone potential. --- Boltzmann equation. --- Debye's argument. --- Hartree-Fock method. --- Ionization. --- Irreversibility. --- Lagrange variables. --- Pauli Principle in Metals. --- Quantum Mechanics. --- Radiation in Hyperbolic Motion. --- Statistical Physics. --- Stem-Gerlach experiment. --- The Shell Model. --- Waves and Particles. --- angular momentum. --- atomic physics. --- harmonic approximation". --- ordinary perturbation theory. --- pseudomomentum. --- scattering processes. --- wave function.

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This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.

thermodynamics --- optimization --- entropy analysis --- Carnot engine --- modelling with time durations --- steady-state modelling --- transient conditions --- converter irreversibility --- sequential optimization --- Finite physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics --- global efficiency --- energy efficiency --- heat engine --- heat pump --- utilization --- Carnot efficiency --- comparison --- thermal system --- cycle analysis --- second law of thermodynamics --- Clausius Statement --- theorem of the equivalence of transformations --- linear irreversible thermodynamics --- maximum power output --- maximum ecological Function --- maximum efficient power function --- enzymatic reaction model --- ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) --- plate heat exchanger --- finite-time thermodynamics --- heat transfer entropy --- entropy production --- new efficiency limits --- two-stage LNG compressor --- energy losses --- exergy destruction --- exergy efficiency --- Stirling cycle --- refrigerator --- heat exchanger --- second law --- n/a

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This book collects recent research in the field of care for neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing transdisciplinary work in clinical, educational and family contexts. It presents an opportunity to learn about the impact of participation on children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Mainly, new therapeutic approaches are presented in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or motor coordination disorders.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- hippotherapy --- cerebral palsy --- equine-assisted therapy --- physical therapy --- gross motor function --- family --- infantile hemiplegia --- modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy --- physical therapy modalities --- upper extremity --- neurodevelopmental disorders --- autism spectrum disorders --- attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder --- motor coordination disorder --- activities of daily living --- participation --- occupational therapy --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- preschool teachers --- religious belief --- social beliefs --- personal beliefs --- Yemen --- autism --- diagnosis --- autoencoder --- convolution neural network --- machine learning --- sensory processing --- emotional regulation --- assessment --- play --- executive functions --- autism spectrum disorder --- specific language disorder --- virtual reality --- ADHD --- rehabilitation --- cognition --- attention --- impulsivity --- pain --- speech --- family impact --- healthcare satisfaction --- death concept --- school --- causality --- irreversibility --- universality --- non-functionality --- children --- scale development --- neurodevelopment --- grief --- inclusive education --- complex interventions development --- teachers --- health professionals --- qualitative --- co-production --- co-design --- executive function --- child --- evaluation --- guideline --- neurodevelopmental --- pathway --- hippotherapy --- cerebral palsy --- equine-assisted therapy --- physical therapy --- gross motor function --- family --- infantile hemiplegia --- modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy --- physical therapy modalities --- upper extremity --- neurodevelopmental disorders --- autism spectrum disorders --- attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder --- motor coordination disorder --- activities of daily living --- participation --- occupational therapy --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- preschool teachers --- religious belief --- social beliefs --- personal beliefs --- Yemen --- autism --- diagnosis --- autoencoder --- convolution neural network --- machine learning --- sensory processing --- emotional regulation --- assessment --- play --- executive functions --- autism spectrum disorder --- specific language disorder --- virtual reality --- ADHD --- rehabilitation --- cognition --- attention --- impulsivity --- pain --- speech --- family impact --- healthcare satisfaction --- death concept --- school --- causality --- irreversibility --- universality --- non-functionality --- children --- scale development --- neurodevelopment --- grief --- inclusive education --- complex interventions development --- teachers --- health professionals --- qualitative --- co-production --- co-design --- executive function --- child --- evaluation --- guideline --- neurodevelopmental --- pathway