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One might say that ordinary differential equations (notably, in Isaac Newton’s analysis of the motion of celestial bodies) had a central role in the development of modern applied mathematics. This book is devoted to research articles which build upon this spirit: combining analysis with the applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). ODEs arise across a spectrum of applications in physics, engineering, geophysics, biology, chemistry, economics, etc., because the rules governing the time-variation of relevant fields is often naturally expressed in terms of relationships between rates of change. ODEs also emerge in stochastic models—for example, when considering the evolution of a probability density function—and in large networks of interconnected agents. The increasing ease of numerically simulating large systems of ODEs has resulted in a plethora of publications in this area; nevertheless, the difficulty of parametrizing models means that the computational results by themselves are sometimes questionable. Therefore, analysis cannot be ignored. This book comprises articles that possess both interesting applications and the mathematical analysis driven by such applications.

heteroclinic tangle --- n/a --- coupled system --- integral boundary conditions --- EADs --- transport --- bifurcation analysis --- SIR epidemic model --- ion current interactions --- green’s function --- surface of section --- endemic equilibrium --- age structure --- MATCONT --- Ulam’s stability --- nonlinear dynamics --- stability --- basic reproduction number --- green's function --- Ulam's stability

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This Special Issue on "New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines" contains nine papers on new developments on Internal Combustion (IC) engines aiming to enhance their efficiency, leading to the reduction of fossil CO2 and other gaseous pollutants. It is divided into two parts. In the initial part, the focus in on fuels, with four papers discussing the use of biofuels and other alternative fuels that can be used in different types of IC Engines. Additionally, conventional fuels are tested in order to evaluate their optimal use in new downsizing high-boost engines. A revision paper on alternative fuels is also included. The second part involves the study and improvement of engine combustion diagnostics as well as the presentation of an alternative type of propulsion system.

Technology: general issues --- iso-octane --- n-heptane --- toluene --- surrogate fuels --- burning velocity --- combustion bomb --- octane number --- knocking --- spark-ignition --- performance --- knock sensor --- fuel economy --- vehicle acceleration --- spark ignition --- calorimeter --- thermal energy --- spark plug --- natural gas engine --- Biodiesel --- diesel engines --- diethyl ether --- ethanol --- biofuels --- emissions --- fuels --- synthetic fuels --- internal combustion engine --- alternative fuels --- lipid bio-oils --- pyrogasoline --- exhaust emissions and spark-ignition engine --- combustion optimization --- cylinder-to-cylinder variation --- cycle-to-cycle variation --- fuel consumption --- 0D-1D engine modeling --- experiments --- axial engines --- wobble plate --- opposed piston engine --- uniflow scavenging --- variable compression ratio --- variable valve timing --- downsizing --- downspeeding --- multifuel potential --- Ion current --- cylinder pressure --- cooperative combustion diagnosis and control --- field-programmable gate array --- artificial neural network --- iso-octane --- n-heptane --- toluene --- surrogate fuels --- burning velocity --- combustion bomb --- octane number --- knocking --- spark-ignition --- performance --- knock sensor --- fuel economy --- vehicle acceleration --- spark ignition --- calorimeter --- thermal energy --- spark plug --- natural gas engine --- Biodiesel --- diesel engines --- diethyl ether --- ethanol --- biofuels --- emissions --- fuels --- synthetic fuels --- internal combustion engine --- alternative fuels --- lipid bio-oils --- pyrogasoline --- exhaust emissions and spark-ignition engine --- combustion optimization --- cylinder-to-cylinder variation --- cycle-to-cycle variation --- fuel consumption --- 0D-1D engine modeling --- experiments --- axial engines --- wobble plate --- opposed piston engine --- uniflow scavenging --- variable compression ratio --- variable valve timing --- downsizing --- downspeeding --- multifuel potential --- Ion current --- cylinder pressure --- cooperative combustion diagnosis and control --- field-programmable gate array --- artificial neural network