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Across the globe, the author see increasing interest in attracting, retaining, developing, and motivating great teachers. Student achievement has been found to correlate with economic and social progress. Recent studies have shown that teacher quality is the main school-based predictor of student achievement and that several consecutive years of outstanding teaching can offset the learning deficits of disadvantaged students. However, establishing the right teacher policies to ensure that every classroom has a motivated, supported, and competent teacher remains a challenge; evidence on the impacts of many teacher policies remains insufficient and scattered, the impact of many reforms depends on specific design features, and teacher policies can have very different impacts depending on the context and the education policies in place. The main focus of SABER-teachers is on policy design, rather than on policy implementation. SABER teachers analyzes the teacher policies formally adopted by education systems. However, policies 'on the ground,' that is, policies as they are actually implemented, may differ quite substantially from policies as originally designed. In fact, they often do differ, because of the political economy of the reform process, lack of capacity of the organizations in charge of implementing them, or the interaction between these policies and specific contextual factors. Since SABER-Teachers collects limited data on policy implementation, the assessment of teacher policies presented in this report needs to be complemented with detailed information that describes the actual configuration of teacher policies on the ground.

Access to Information --- Accreditation --- Computer Literacy --- Curriculum --- Education --- Education For All --- Employment --- Expenditures --- Higher Education --- Human Capital --- Investment In Education --- Knowledge --- Literacy --- Primary Education --- Quality Assurance --- Quality of Education --- Scholarships --- School Administration --- Schools --- Secondary Education --- Small Schools --- Student-Teacher Ratio --- Teacher Salaries --- Teacher Training --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education --- Universities

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This report is organized as follows. After this introduction, the second section explains the main data sources used in the study. The third section discusses the relationship between sectoral output growth and employment generation, and presents basic estimates on growth elasticities. The fourth and fifth section presents detailed descriptive analyses on the pattern of employment growth. The sixth section summarizes the findings of an econometric analysis on labor market participation decisions, with a special emphasis on female labor, and the determinants of wages. The author estimate the multi-nominal logical model for labor market participation decisions of men and women living in urban regions for each year since 2000, and estimate the wage equation for 2006 by taking into account the labor market participation decision (the sample selection effect). The last section presents the main findings of the study.

Child Care --- Employment --- Employment Opportunities --- Expenditures --- Health Insurance --- Higher Education --- Household Income --- Household Size --- Human Capital --- Industrialization --- Informal Sector --- Investment In Education --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Life Expectancy --- Occupations --- Public Policy --- Retirement --- Rural Population --- Secondary Education --- Skilled Workers --- Social Protections and Labor --- Trade Unions --- Underemployment --- Unemployment --- Urban Areas --- Urban Population --- Urbanization --- Vocational Schools --- Vulnerable Groups --- Workers

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This policy note is a diagnostic of the state of Nigerian skills and human capital. It seeks to understand the kinds and levels of human capital that Nigeria possesses to support its efforts toward economic competitiveness over the next two decades. It also looks at inefficiencies of the Nigerian skills-building system, including the barriers to growth, barriers to sharing prosperity, and presents policy recommendations and actions to overcome these constraints. The policy note offers key insights into the drivers of the labor market, the underlying analysis of why Nigeria has been unable to reduce its poverty rate over time, the jobs landscape, and the drivers, dimensions, and directions for skills development to transform the Nigerian economy. The emphasis is on directions for public sector responsibility and public-private partnerships. The study reinforces the nexus between the jobs and the employability. Finally, it provides the analytical bases and policy and programmatic directions for the government of Nigeria in keeping with the World Bank country partnership strategy (FY2014-17).

Access to Education --- Curriculum --- Distance Learning --- Early Childhood --- Education --- Education For All --- Education For the Knowledge Economy --- Educational Outcomes --- Employment and Unemployment --- Higher Education --- Human Development --- Investment In Education --- Knowledge --- Lifelong Learning --- Literacy --- Primary Education --- Quality of Education --- Quality of Life --- Reading --- Returns to Education --- Sanitation --- School Attendance --- Schools --- Secondary Education --- Skilled Workers --- Skills Development and Labor Force Training --- Social Protections and Labor --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education --- Textbooks --- Universal Primary Education --- Vocational Schools

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Despite its volatile history, the Islamic Republic of Iran has performed well on social indicators, especially in providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first beginning in the late 1960s. The Iranian government introduced a family planning program during the 1960s with explicit health and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children per woman. Although the family planning program continued after the 1979 Islamic revolution, it was suspended after war broke out with Iraq in 1980. During the war, the government pursued a pronatalist population policy, including incentives for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting the rapid decline in adolescent fertility during 1997-2006, especially when compared to other Middle East and North Africa region countries. Today regional disparities in fertility exist with higher fertility in less developed districts. Yet Iran's example shows how good public policy interventions in health (including family planning) and education can reduce fertility and contribute to human development.

Abortion --- Access to Education --- Adolescent Health --- Adolescents --- Birth Control --- Breastfeeding --- Child Care --- Child Health --- Child Mortality --- Childbirth --- Decision Making --- Demographics --- Developing Countries --- Divorce --- Environmental Health --- Family Planning --- Gender --- Health Education --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Policy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hygiene --- Infant Mortality --- Investment In Education --- Labor Market --- Life Expectancy --- Maternal Health --- Maternal Mortality --- Measles --- Medical Education --- Millennium Development Goals --- Mortality --- Natural Resources --- Nurses --- Nutrition --- Oral Contraceptives --- Physicians --- Population Growth --- Postnatal Care --- Pregnancy --- Prenatal Care --- Public Health --- Public Policy --- Reproductive Health --- Rural Population --- Secondary Education --- Sterilization --- Tetanus --- Unemployment --- Urban Areas --- Urbanization --- Vasectomy --- Workers --- World Health Organization

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Indonesia has enjoyed a demographic dividend over the last forty years. The working population has been growing faster than the population of non-working dependents. This presents a major opportunity for economic growth and poverty reduction, provided that more jobs and better jobs are created to employ a workforce, which will grow by an estimated 20 million workers over the next ten years. Today's policy makers in Indonesia face a strategic challenge in identifying which policies and programs will spur the creation of good jobs while, at the same time, ensuring that workers are better protected from risks threatening their income security. Decisions about labor policies are particularly difficult because they can directly affect the well-being of workers, both inside and outside the formal jobs market, and the firms that are the main engines of job growth. Sound empirical data will help guide the debate around labor reform. The Indonesia jobs report, prepared by the World Bank in cooperation with the Government of Indonesia and local research partners, is the most comprehensive assessment of the country's labor market that has been carried out in the last decade. The report uses the most up-to-date data available to examine the performance of the labor market, changes in the supply of workers, and the effects of labor policies. The findings will help inform future policy directions and contribute towards evidence-based decision making. Stimulating the growth of better jobs requires a multi-pronged approach. This report recommends much needed reforms of labor policies and programs. Equally important, however, are reforms that accelerate job creation by improving infrastructure and the investment climate, alongside reforms that aim at improving the quality of education. Success will depend on working partnerships between the government, employer associations, labor unions and other civil society groups, with the support of Indonesia's think tanks and international development partners. This report helps reinvigorate policy dialogue about job creation and worker security. Learning from experiences and international best practices, Indonesia will be better prepared to navigate a course towards 'win-win' solutions that accelerate the creation of better jobs without sacrificing adequate protection for workers.

Child Labor --- Data Quality --- Developing Countries --- Economic Recovery --- Economics --- Employment --- Employment and Unemployment --- Employment Opportunities --- Employment Protection Legislation --- Employment Rates --- Gross Domestic Product --- Health Insurance --- Household Consumption --- Human Resources --- Informal Sector --- Investment In Education --- Job Creation --- Job Search Assistance --- Labor Costs --- Labor Disputes --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Labor Policy --- Labor Relations --- Labor Standards --- Lifelong Learning --- Occupations --- On-the-Job Training --- Private Sector --- Productivity --- Public Works Projects --- Purchasing Power --- Purchasing Power Parity --- Quality of Education --- Secondary Education --- Severance Pay --- Sex Workers --- Skills Development and Labor Force Training --- Social Protections and Labor --- Unemployment --- Unskilled Workers --- Vocational Schools --- Workers --- Working Hours